Opioid receptor modulators and products and methods related thereto

ABSTRACT

Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein A, B, L, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 , m and n are as defined herein. Such compounds modulate the opioid receptor, particulate the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and/or the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR), and/or the delta-opioid receptor (DOR). Products containing such compounds, as well as methods for their use and preparation, are also provided.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to opioid receptor modulators, and particularly tocompounds that modulate the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and/or thekappa-opioid receptor (KOR), and/or the delta-opioid receptor (DOR), aswell as to products containing the same and to methods of their use andpreparation.

BACKGROUND

Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptorswith opioids as ligands, which have long been used to treat pain.Opioids generally act on these receptors as agonists, antagonists, orpartial agonists. There are three classical opioid receptors, originallynamed mu (after morphine, its most commonly recognized exogenousligand), delta (after vas deferens, the tissue within which it was firstisolated) and kappa (after the first ligand to act at this receptor,ketocyclazocine). These opioid receptors are distributed widely withinthe central nervous system and, to a lesser extent, throughout theperiphery. Opioids, whether naturally occurring or synthetic, exhibitany number of problematic side effects, such as constipation, addictionand respiratory depression, and efforts to eliminate such attributeshave been meet with only limited successes. Accordingly, there remains aneed in the art for agents that can modulate opioid receptors in amanner that limit the side effects normally associated with such agents.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein A, B, L, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁸, m and nare as defined below.

In more specific embodiments, compounds are provided having thestructure of any one of Formulas (II) through (XI), or any one of thecompounds listed in any one of Tables 1, 2 or 3. In further embodiments,compounds are provided of Formula (I), or any one of Formulas (II)through (XI), with the various applicable provisos provided below.

In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition is providedcomprising a compound of any of the embodiments disclosed herein incombination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, orexcipient.

In another embodiment, a method is provided for modulating an opioidreceptor comprising contacting the opioid receptor with an effectiveamount of a compound as provided herein, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof,or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. In more specificembodiments, the compound is a mu opioid receptor agonist and/or a kappaopioid receptor antagonist.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates that MOR agonist Compound B-56 is an analgesic in thehotplate test, increasing the time to exhibit a withdrawal response.FIG. 1 also illustrates that MOR antagonists Compound B-15 blocks invivo the analgesic activity of the agonist Compound B-56 when co-dosed,but has no effect on its own.

FIG. 2 illustrates that MOR antagonist Compound B-15 blocks in vivo therespiratory depression of the MOR agonist fentanyl.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Unless specifically defined otherwise, the technical terms, as usedherein, have their normal meaning as understood in the art. Thefollowing explanations of terms and methods are provided to betterdescribe the present compounds, compositions and methods, and to guidethose of ordinary skill in the art in the practice of the presentdisclosure. It is also to be understood that the terminology used in thedisclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments andexamples only and is not intended to be limiting.

As used herein, the singular terms “a,” “an,” and “the” include pluralreferents unless context clearly indicates otherwise. Similarly, theword “or” is intended to include “and” unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “comprises” means“includes.” Thus the phrase “comprising A or B” means including A, B, orA and B.

As mentioned above, the invention relates to compounds that modulateone, two or three of the mu opioid receptor (MOR), the kappa opioidreceptor (KOR) and/or the delta opioid receptor (DOR). As used herein, a“modulator” of MOR and/or KOR and/or DOR a compound which, whenadministered to a subject, provides the desired modulation of the targetreceptor. For example, the compound may function as a full or partialantagonist or agonist of the receptor, either by interacting directly orindirectly with the target receptor. In one embodiment, the compounds isa MOR agonist, a KOR antagonist, or both a MOR agonist and a KORantagonist.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

ring B is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a)), —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

As used herein, “alkyl” means a straight chain or branched saturatedhydrocarbon group. “Lower alkyl” means a straight chain or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in some embodiments from 1to 6 carbon atoms, in some embodiments from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and insome embodiments from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of straight chainlower alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and n-octyl groups.Examples of branched lower alkyl groups include, but are not limited to,isopropyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, and2,2-dimethylpropyl groups.

As used herein, “alkylene” means a divalent alkyl group. Examples ofstraight chain lower alkylene groups include, but are not limited to,methylene (i.e., —CH₂—), ethylene (i.e., —CH₂CH₂—), propylene (i.e.,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—), and butylene (i.e., —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂-). As used herein,“heteroalkylene” is an alkylene group of which one or more carbon atomsis replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, N, O, S, orP.

“Alkoxy” refers to an alkyl as defined above joined by way of an oxygenatom (i.e., —O-alkyl). Examples of lower alkoxy groups include, but arenot limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, isopropoxy,sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.

The terms “carbocyclic” and “carbocycle” denote a ring structure whereinthe atoms of the ring are carbon. Carbocycles may be monocyclic orpolycyclic. Carbocycle encompasses both saturated and unsaturated rings.Carbocycle encompasses both cycloalkyl and aryl groups. In someembodiments, the carbocycle has 3 to 8 ring members, whereas in otherembodiments the number of ring carbon atoms is 4, 5, 6, or 7. Unlessspecifically indicated to the contrary, the carbocyclic ring can besubstituted with as many as N substituents wherein N is the size of thecarbocyclic ring with for example, amino, hydroxy, cyano, carboxy,nitro, thio, alkoxy, and halogen groups.

“Cycloalkyl” groups are alkyl groups forming a ring structure, which canbe substituted or unsubstituted. Examples of cycloalkyl include, but arenot limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups. In some embodiments, the cycloalkylgroup has 3 to 8 ring members, whereas in other embodiments the numberof ring carbon atoms range from 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 7. Cycloalkylgroups further include polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as, but notlimited to, norbornyl, adamantyl, bornyl, camphenyl, isocamphenyl, andcarenyl groups, and fused rings such as, but not limited to, decalinyl,and the like. Cycloalkyl groups also include rings that are substitutedwith straight or branched chain alkyl groups as defined above.Representative substituted cycloalkyl groups can be mono-substituted orsubstituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, 2,2-, 2,3-,2,4-2,5- or 2,6-disubstituted cyclohexyl groups or mono-, di- ortri-substituted norbornyl or cycloheptyl groups, which can besubstituted with, for example, amino, hydroxy, cyano, carboxy, nitro,thio, alkoxy, and halogen groups.

“Aryl” groups are cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that do not containheteroatoms. Thus aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl,azulenyl, heptalenyl, biphenyl, indacenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl,triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, naphthacenyl, chrysenyl, biphenylenyl,anthracenyl, and naphthyl groups. In some embodiments, aryl groupscontain 6-14 carbons in the ring portions of the groups. The terms“aryl” and “aryl groups” include include fused rings wherein at leastone ring, but not necessarily all rings, are aromatic, such as fusedaromatic-aliphatic ring systems (e.g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, andthe like).

As used herein, “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” groups include aromaticand non-aromatic ring compounds (heterocyclic rings) containing 3 ormore ring members, of which one or more is a heteroatom such as, but notlimited to, N, O, S, or P. A heterocyclyl group as defined herein can bea heteroaryl group or a partially or completely saturated cyclic groupincluding at least one ring heteroatom. In some embodiments,heterocyclyl groups include 3 to 20 ring members, whereas other suchgroups have 3 to 15 ring members. At least one ring contains aheteroatom, but every ring in a polycyclic system need not contain aheteroatom. For example, a dioxolanyl ring and a benzdioxolanyl ringsystem (methylenedioxyphenyl ring system) are both heterocyclyl groupswithin the meaning herein. A heterocyclyl group designated as aC₂-heterocyclyl can be a 5-membered ring with two carbon atoms and threeheteroatoms, a 6-membered ring with two carbon atoms and fourheteroatoms and so forth. Likewise a C₄-heterocyclyl can be a 5-memberedring with one heteroatom, a 6-membered ring with two heteroatoms, and soforth. The number of carbon atoms plus the number of heteroatoms sums upto equal the total number of ring atoms. A saturated heterocyclic ringrefers to a heterocyclic ring containing no unsaturated carbon atoms.

“Heteroaryl” groups are aromatic ring compounds containing 5 or morering members, of which, one or more is a heteroatom such as, but notlimited to, N, O, and S. A heteroaryl group designated as aC2-heteroaryl can be a 5-membered ring with two carbon atoms and threeheteroatoms, a 6-membered ring with two carbon atoms and fourheteroatoms and so forth. Likewise a C4-heteroaryl can be a 5-memberedring with one heteroatom, a 6-membered ring with two heteroatoms, and soforth. The number of carbon atoms plus the number of heteroatoms sums upto equal the total number of ring atoms. Heteroaryl groups include, butare not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl,tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl,benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, indazolyl,benzimidazolyl, azabenzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl,benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolopyridinyl,thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl,quinoxalinyl, and quinazolinyl groups. The terms “heteroaryl” and“heteroaryl groups” include fused ring compounds such as wherein atleast one ring, but not necessarily all rings, are aromatic, includingtetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, indolyl and 2,3-dihydroindolyl.

“Halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

“Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl as defined above with one or morehydrogen atoms replaced with halogen. Examples of lower haloalkyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, —CF₃, —CH₂CF₃, and the like.

As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” refers to a group(e.g., an alkyl, carbocycle, or heterocycle) having 0, 1, or moresubstituents, such as 0-25, 0-20, 0-10 or 0-5 substituents. Substituentsinclude, but are not limited to, halo, cyano, —OR′, —NR′R″, —S(O)₂R′ or—S(O)₂OR′, wherein each R′ and R″ is, independently, H or alkyl.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

ring B is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2;

with the provisos that:

when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—,

-   -   m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy when        ring B is an aromatic monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle, or    -   at least one R⁵ is not halo when ring B is an aromatic        monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle and m is 2-5, or    -   R³ and R⁴ are not both H and ring A is not thiophene when ring B        is an aromatic polycyclic carbocycle or heterocyle;

when L is ring C,

-   -   m is not 0 when ring B is phenyl or pyrrolyl and R³ is H,        (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7 membered heterocycle together with        one R⁵, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they        are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, one R⁶ is halo,        and m is 1; and

when L is a bond,

-   -   m is not 0 when ring B is phenyl or pyrrolyl and R³ is H or        (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or    -   m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which        they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle,    -   R⁵ is not halo or alkoxy when ring B is phenyl, R³ and one R⁵,        together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7        membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or    -   R⁵ is not —OH when ring B is a 7-membered carbocycle, R³ and one        R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a        5-7 membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or    -   m is not 0 when ring B is a monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle        and R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,        (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴,        together with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7        membered heterocycle, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when ring B is phenyl and R³ and R⁴ are each H or        R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form        a 4-7 membered heterocycle, or    -   n is not 0 when ring A is imidazolyl and ring B is phenyl.

Accordingly, in one embodiment compounds are provided having thestructure of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is —(CR⁷₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r) and with the provisos that:

-   -   m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy when        ring B is an aromatic monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle, or    -   at least one R⁵ is not halo when ring B is an aromatic        monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle and m is 2-5, or    -   R³ and R⁴ are not both H and ring A is not thiophene when ring B        is an aromatic polycyclic carbocycle or heterocyle.

Accordingly, in another embodiment compounds are provided having thestructure of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is ringC and with the provisos that:

-   -   m is not 0 when ring B is phenyl or pyrrolyl and R³ is H,        (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7 membered heterocycle together with        one R⁵, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they        are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, one R⁶ is halo,        and m is 1.

Accordingly, in another embodiment compounds are provided having thestructure of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is abond and with the proviso that:

-   -   m is not 0 when ring B is phenyl or pyrrolyl and R³ is H or        (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or    -   m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which        they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle,    -   R⁵ is not halo or alkoxy when ring B is phenyl, R³ and one R⁵,        together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7        membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or    -   R⁵ is not —OH when ring B is a 7-membered carbocycle, R³ and one        R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a        5-7 membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or    -   m is not 0 when ring B is a monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle        and R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,        (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴,        together with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7        membered heterocycle, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when ring B is phenyl and R³ and R⁴ are each H or        R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form        a 4-7 membered heterocycle, or    -   n is not 0 when ring A is imidazolyl and ring B is phenyl.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, C or N; wherein 0, 1, or2 of Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ is N;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2;

with the provisos that:

when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—,

-   -   m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy, or    -   at least one R⁵ is not halo when m is 2-5; or

when L is ring C,

-   -   m is not 0 when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently,        C and R³ is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7 membered heterocycle        together with one R⁵, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they        are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, one R⁶ is halo,        and m is 1; and

when L is a bond,

-   -   m is not 0 when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently,        C and and R³ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or    -   m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which        they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle,    -   R⁵ is not halo or alkoxy when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,        independently, C and, R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to        which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, and        m′ is 1, or    -   m is not 0 when R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H,        (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl        or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected,        form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,        independently, C and R³ and R⁴ are each H or R³ and R⁴, together        with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered        heterocycle, or    -   n is not 0 when ring A is imidazolyl and Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵        are each, independently, C.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2;

with the provisos that:

when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—,

-   -   m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy, or    -   at least one R⁵ is not halo when m is 2-5; or

when L is ring C,

-   -   m is not 0 when R³ is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7 membered        heterocycle together with one R⁵, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they        are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, one R⁶ is halo,        and m is 1; and

when L is a bond,

-   -   m is not 0 when R³ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or    -   m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which        they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle,    -   R⁵ is not halo or alkoxy when R³ and one R⁵, together with the        atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered        heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or    -   m is not 0 when R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H,        (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl        or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected,        form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, or    -   R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴ are each H or R³ and R⁴, together        with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered        heterocycle, or    -   n is not 0 when ring A is imidazolyl.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m′ is 0-4;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (V):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m′ is 0-4;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (VI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m′ is 0-4;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided wherein Q¹, Q², Q³, and Q⁴ areeach C, and Q⁵ is N and having the structure of Formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NRS(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2;

with the provisos that:

when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—,

-   -   m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy, or    -   at least one R⁵ is not halo when m is 2-5; and

when L is ring C,

-   -   R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they        are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, one R⁶ is halo,        and m is 1; and

when L is a bond,

-   -   m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which        they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, or    -   m is not 0 when ring B is a monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle        and R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,        (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴,        together with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7        membered heterocycle.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (VIII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

m′ is 0-4;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (IX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

Q¹, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, C or N;

Q² and Q³ are each C;

ring D is a 5-6 membered carbocycle or heterocycle which forms, togetherwith Q² and Q³, a fused bicyclic ring B;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2;

with the proviso that:

when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—,

-   -   R³ and R⁴ are not both H, and ring A is not thiophene.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (X):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

Q¹, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, C or N;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

In one embodiment, compounds are provided having the structure ofFormula (XI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein:

ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;

L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C;

Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—;

ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,substituted with 0-5 R⁷;

each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo;

R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a4-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R²,—OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹, —S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle;

or R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected,form a 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

Q¹, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, C or N;

m is 0-5;

n is 0-5;

q is 0-5;

r is 0-5; and

t is 0-2.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring A is an aromaticcarbocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring A is phenyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring A is an aromaticheterocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring A is pyrrolyl, furanyl,pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl,benzofuranyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,azabenzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl,imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolopyridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl,xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl,quinazolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydroindolyl, benzoxazolone, or pyrazolopyridine.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring B is pyrrolyl, furanyl,pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl,indolyl, azaindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, azabenzimidazolyl,benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl,isoxazolopyridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl,guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydro indolyl,benzoxazolone, or pyrazolopyridine.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷₂)_(r)—.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein q is 0.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein Q is —O—.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein Q is —C(R^(a))₂—.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein Q is —NR^(a)—.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is ring C.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring C is cyclopropyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring C is pyrrolidinyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is a bond.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴ are each methyl orethyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴ are each H.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ is methyl and R⁴ iscyclopropylmethyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴, together with theN to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴, together with theN to which they are connected, form pyrrolidinyl or mopholinyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and one R⁵, together withthe atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is —OH.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is—C(O)NR¹R².

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is halo.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is Cl or F.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is methyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is —OC(O)R¹.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ iscarbocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ iscycloalkyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ iscyclopropyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is anaromatic carbocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is phenyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is halo.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is Cl, F orBr.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein the at least one R⁶ ismethyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is(C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein the at least one R⁶ ismethoxy.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ is methyl,ethyl, isopropyl, or tert-butyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ iscarbocycle.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ iscycloalkyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ iscyclopropyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R⁸ is H.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R⁸ is methyl.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, having the structure of any one ofthe compounds listed in Table 1.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, having the structure of any one ofthe compounds listed in Table 2.

In one embodiment, a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI) isprovided, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, having the structure of any one ofthe compounds listed in Table 3.

Representative compounds of Formulas (I)-(XI) as applicable, include thecompounds listed in Table 1 below, as well as pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomers, racemates, hydrates, solvates, homologs, and saltsthereof

TABLE 1 REPRESENTATIVE COMPOUNDS Structure Compound No.

A-1 

A-2 

A-3 

A-4 

A-5 

A-6 

A-7 

A-8 

A-9 

A-10

A-11

A-12

A-13

A-14

A-15

A-16

A-17

A-18

A-19

A-20

A-21

A-22

A-23

Representative compounds of Formulas (I)-(XI) as applicable, include thecompounds listed in Table 2 below, as well as pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomers, racemates, hydrates, solvates, homologs, and saltsthereof.

TABLE 2 REPRESENTATIVE COMPOUNDS Com- pound Structure No.

B-1 

B-2 

B-3 

B-4 

B-5 

B-6 

B-7 

B-8 

B-9 

B-10

B-11

B-12

B-13

B-14

B-15

B-16

B-17

B-18

B-19

B-20

B-21

B-22

B-23

B-24

B-25

B-26

B-27

B-28

B-29

B-30

B-31

B-32

B-33

B-34

B-35

B-36

B-37

B-38

B-39

B-40

B-41

B-42

B-43

B-44

B-45

B-46

B-47

B-48

B-49

B-50

B-51

B-52

B-53

B-54

B-55

B-56

B-57

B-58

B-59

B-60

B-61

B-62

B-63

B-64

B-65

B-66

B-67

B-68

B-69

B-70

B-71

B-72

Representative compounds of Formulas (I)-(XI) as applicable, include thecompounds listed in Table 3 below, as well as pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomers, racemates, hydrates, solvates, homologs, and saltsthereof.

TABLE 3 REPRESENTATIVE COMPOUNDS Compd. Structure No.

C-1 

C-2 

C-3 

C-4 

C-5 

C-6 

C-7 

C-8 

C-10

C-11

C-12

C-13

C-14

C-15

C-16

C-17

C-18

C-19

C-20

C-21

C-22

C-23

C-24

C-25

C-26

C-27

C-28

C-29

C-30

C-31

C-32

C-33

C-34

C-35

C-36

C-37

C-38

C-39

C-40

C-41

C-42

C-43

C-44

C-45

C-46

C-47

C-48

C-49

C-50

C-51

C-52

C-53

C-54

C-55

C-56

C-57

C-58

C-59

C-60

C-61

C-62

C-63

C-64

C-65

C-66

C-67

C-68

C-69

“Isomer” is used herein to encompass all chiral, diastereomeric orracemic forms of a structure, unless a particular stereochemistry orisomeric form is specifically indicated. Such compounds can be enrichedor resolved optical isomers at any or all asymmetric atoms as areapparent from the depictions, at any degree of enrichment. Both racemicand diastereomeric mixtures, as well as the individual optical isomerscan be synthesized so as to be substantially free of their enantiomericor diastereomeric partners, and these are all within the scope ofcertain embodiments of the disclosure. The isomers resulting from thepresence of a chiral center comprise a pair of non-superimposableisomers that are called “enantiomers.” Single enantiomers of a purecompound are optically active (i.e., they are capable of rotating theplane of plane polarized light and designated R or S).

“Isolated optical isomer” means a compound which has been substantiallypurified from the corresponding optical isomer(s) of the same formula.For example, the isolated isomer may be at least about 80%, at least 80%or at least 85% pure. In other embodiments, the isolated isomer is atleast 90% pure or at least 98% pure, or at least 99% pure by weight.

“Substantially enantiomerically or diasteromerically” pure means a levelof enantiomeric or diastereomeric enrichment of one enantiomer withrespect to the other enantiomer or diasteromer of at least about 80%,and more specifically in excess of 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%or 99.9%.

The terms “racemate” and “racemic mixture” refer to an equal mixture oftwo enantiomers. A racemate is labeled “(±)” because it is not opticallyactive (i.e., will not rotate plane-polarized light in either directionsince its constituent enantiomers cancel each other out).

A “hydrate” is a compound that exists in combination with watermolecules. The combination can include water in stoichiometricquantities, such as a monohydrate or a dihydrate, or can include waterin random amounts. As the term is used herein a “hydrate” refers to asolid form; that is, a compound in a water solution, while it may behydrated, is not a hydrate as the term is used herein.

A “solvate” is similar to a hydrate except that a solvent other thatwater is present. For example, methanol or ethanol can form an“alcoholate”, which can again be stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric.As the term is used herein a “solvate” refers to a solid form; that is,a compound in a solvent solution, while it may be solvated, is not asolvate as the term is used herein.

“Isotope” refers to atoms with the same number of protons but adifferent number of neutrons, and an isotope of a compound of Formulas(I)-(X) includes any such compound wherein one or more atoms arereplaced by an isotope of that atom. For example, carbon 12, the mostcommon form of carbon, has six protons and six neutrons, whereas carbon13 has six protons and seven neutrons, and carbon 14 has six protons andeight neutrons. Hydrogen has two stable isotopes, deuterium (one protonand one neutron) and tritium (one proton and two neutrons). Whilefluorine has a number of isotopes, fluorine 19 is longest-lived. Thus,an isotope of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I)-(X)includes, but not limited to, compounds of Formulas (I)-(X) wherein oneor more carbon 12 atoms are replaced by carbon-13 and/or carbon-14atoms, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuteriumand/or tritium, and/or wherein one or more fluorine atoms are replacedby fluorine-19.

“Salt” generally refers to an organic compound, such as a carboxylicacid or an amine, in ionic form, in combination with a counter ion. Forexample, salts formed between acids in their anionic form and cationsare referred to as “acid addition salts”. Conversely, salts formedbetween bases in the cationic form and anions are referred to as “baseaddition salts.”

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers an agent that has beenapproved for human consumption and is generally non-toxic. For example,the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to nontoxic inorganicor organic acid and/or base addition salts (see, e.g., Lit et al., SaltSelection for Basic Drugs, Int. J. Pharm., 33, 201-217, 1986)(incorporated by reference herein).

Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts of compounds of thedisclosure include, for example, metallic salts including alkali metal,alkaline earth metal, and transition metal salts such as, for example,calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc salts. Pharmaceuticallyacceptable base addition salts also include organic salts made frombasic amines such as, for example, N,N′dibenzylethylenediamine,chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine(N-methylglucamine), and procaine.

Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from aninorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of inorganic acidsinclude hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, nitric, carbonic,sulfuric, and phosphoric acids. Appropriate organic acids may beselected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, aromatic aliphatic,heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids,examples of which include formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic,gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucuronic, maleic,fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic,4-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, hippuric, malonic, oxalic,embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic,panthothenic, trifluoromethanesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic,p-toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic,alginic, Phydroxybutyric, salicylic, -galactaric, and galacturonic acid.

Although pharmaceutically unacceptable salts are not generally useful asmedicaments, such salts may be useful, for example as intermediates inthe synthesis of compounds having the structure of Formulas (I)-(XI),for example in their purification by recrystallization.

In certain embodiments, the disclosure provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of any one of Formulas (I)-(XI), or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier, diluent, or excipient. For example, the active compound willusually be mixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosedwithin a carrier which can be in the form of an ampoule, capsule,sachet, paper, or other container. When the active compound is mixedwith a carrier, or when the carrier serves as a diluent, it can besolid, semi-solid, or liquid material that acts as a vehicle, excipient,or medium for the active compound. The active compound can be adsorbedon a granular solid carrier, for example contained in a sachet. Someexamples of suitable carriers are water, salt solutions, alcohols,polyethylene glycols, polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil, peanut oil,olive oil, gelatin, lactose, terra alba, sucrose, dextrin, magnesiumcarbonate, sugar, cyclodextrin, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc,gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid, or lower alkyl ethers ofcellulose, silicic acid, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, fatty acidmonoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters,polyoxyethylene, hydroxymethylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.Similarly, the carrier or diluent can include any sustained releasematerial known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryldistearate, alone or mixed with a wax.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to acomposition containing one or more of the compounds described herein, ora pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,homolog or salt thereof, formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier, which can also include other additives, and manufactured orsold with the approval of a governmental regulatory agency as part of atherapeutic regimen for the treatment of disease in a mammal.Pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated, for example, for oraladministration in unit dosage form (e.g., a tablet, capsule, caplet,gelcap, or syrup); for topical administration (e.g., as a cream, gel,lotion, or ointment); for intravenous administration (e.g., as a sterilesolution free of particulate emboli and in a solvent system suitable forintravenous use); or in any other formulation described herein.Conventional procedures and ingredients for the selection andpreparation of suitable formulations are described, for example, inRemington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21^(st) Ed., Gennaro,Ed., Lippencott Williams & Wilkins (2005) and in The United StatesPharmacopeia: The National Formulary (USP 36 NF31), published in 2013.

In another embodiment, there are provided methods of making acomposition of a compound described herein including formulating acompound of the disclosure with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier ordiluent. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier ordiluent is suitable for oral administration. In some such embodiments,the methods can further include the step of formulating the compositioninto a tablet or capsule. In other embodiments, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or diluent is suitable for parenteral administration.In some such embodiments, the methods further include the step oflyophilizing the composition to form a lyophilized preparation.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers toany ingredient other than the disclosed compounds, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, homolog or salt thereof(e.g., a carrier capable of suspending or dissolving the activecompound) and having the properties of being nontoxic andnon-inflammatory in a patient. Excipients may include, for example:antiadherents, antioxidants, binders, coatings, compression aids,disintegrants, dyes (colors), emollients, emulsifiers, fillers(diluents), film formers or coatings, flavors, fragrances, glidants(flow enhancers), lubricants, preservatives, printing inks, sorbents,suspensing or dispersing agents, sweeteners, or waters of hydration.Exemplary excipients include, but are not limited to: butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate (dibasic),calcium stearate, croscarmellose, crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone,citric acid, crospovidone, cysteine, ethylcellulose, gelatin,hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose,magnesium stearate, maltitol, mannitol, methionine, methylcellulose,methyl paraben, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol,polyvinyl pyrrolidone, povidone, pregelatinized starch, propyl paraben,retinyl palmitate, shellac, silicon dioxide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium citrate, sodium starch glycolate, sorbitol, starch(corn), stearic acid, stearic acid, sucrose, talc, titanium dioxide,vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, and xylitol.

The formulations can be mixed with auxiliary agents which do notdeleteriously react with the active compounds. Such additives caninclude wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, salt forinfluencing osmotic pressure, buffers and/or coloring substances,preserving agents, sweetening agents, or flavoring agents. Thecompositions can also be sterilized if desired.

The route of administration can be any route which effectivelytransports the active compound of the disclosure to the appropriate ordesired site of action, such as oral, nasal, pulmonary, buccal,subdermal, intradermal, transdermal, or parenteral, e.g., rectal, depot,subcutaneous, intravenous, intraurethral, intramuscular, intranasal,ophthalmic solution, or an ointment, the oral route being preferred.

Dosage forms can be administered once a day, or more than once a day,such as twice or thrice daily. Alternatively, dosage forms can beadministered less frequently than daily, such as every other day, orweekly, if found to be advisable by a prescribing physician. Dosingregimens include, for example, dose titration to the extent necessary oruseful for the indication to be treated, thus allowing the patient'sbody to adapt to the treatment and/or to minimize or avoid unwanted sideeffects associated with the treatment. Other dosage forms includedelayed or controlled-release forms. Suitable dosage regimens and/orforms include those set out, for example, in the latest edition of thePhysicians' Desk Reference, incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, the term “administering” or “administration” refers toproviding a compound, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same,to a subject by any acceptable means or route, including (for example)by oral, parenteral (e.g., intravenous), or topical administration.

As used herein, the term “treatment” refers to an intervention thatameliorates a sign or symptom of a disease or pathological condition. Asused herein, the terms “treatment”, “treat” and “treating,” withreference to a disease, pathological condition or symptom, also refersto any observable beneficial effect of the treatment. The beneficialeffect can be evidenced, for example, by a delayed onset of clinicalsymptoms of the disease in a susceptible subject, a reduction inseverity of some or all clinical symptoms of the disease, a slowerprogression of the disease, a reduction in the number of relapses of thedisease, an improvement in the overall health or well-being of thesubject, or by other parameters well known in the art that are specificto the particular disease. A prophylactic treatment is a treatmentadministered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease orexhibits only early signs, for the purpose of decreasing the risk ofdeveloping pathology. A therapeutic treatment is a treatmentadministered to a subject after signs and symptoms of the disease havedeveloped.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to an animal (e.g., a mammal,such as a human). A subject to be treated according to the methodsdescribed herein may be one who has been diagnosed with aneurodegenerative disease involving demyelination, insufficientmyelination, or underdevelopment of a myelin sheath, e.g., a subjectdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis or cerebral palsy, or one at risk ofdeveloping the condition. Diagnosis may be performed by any method ortechnique known in the art. One skilled in the art will understand thata subject to be treated according to the present disclosure may havebeen subjected to standard tests or may have been identified, withoutexamination, as one at risk due to the presence of one or more riskfactors associated with the disease or condition.

As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to a quantity of aspecified agent sufficient to achieve a desired effect in a subjectbeing treated with that agent. Ideally, an effective amount of an agentis an amount sufficient to inhibit or treat the disease without causingsubstantial toxicity in the subject. The effective amount of an agentwill be dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of theaffliction, and the manner of administration of the pharmaceuticalcomposition. Methods of determining an effective amount of the disclosedcompound sufficient to achieve a desired effect in a subject will beunderstood by those of skill in the art in light of this disclosure.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of modulating an opioid receptorcomprising contacting the opioid receptor with an effective amount of acompound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI), or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, homolog,salt, or composition thereof. In another embodiment, the opioid receptoris the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), and in a further embodiment thecompound is a KOR antagonist. In another embodiment, the opioid receptoris the mu opioid receptor (MOR), and in a further embodiment thecompound is a MOR agonist. In another embodiment, the compound is both aKOR antagonist and a MOR agonist. In another embodiment, the method doesnot modulate arrestin function.

In one embodiment, a method is provided for treating pain, opioidoverdose, addiction, a neuropsychiatric disorder, a sleep disorder, agastrointestinal disorder, a skin disorder, dyspnea, autism spectrumdisorder, Prader-Willi Syndrome, headache, or temporomandibular jointdysfunction, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of a compound of Formulas (I) through (XI), or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating pain, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI), or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, homolog,salt, or composition thereof. In one embodiment, the method of treatingpain does not increase the risk of respiratory depression orconstipation in the subject. In one embodiment, the pain is acute pain.In one embodiment, the pain is chronic pain. In another embodiment, thepain is fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, chronic low back pain, surgicalpain, cancer pain, or severe pain.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating opioid overdose,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effectiveamount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI),or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,homolog, salt, or composition thereof.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating addiction,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effectiveamount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI),or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,homolog, salt, or composition thereof. In one embodiment, the addictionis opioid use disorder. In one embodiment, the method of treatingaddiction comprises maintenance of opioid use disorder.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating a neuropsychiatricdisorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I)through (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, homolog, salt, or composition thereof.

In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disorder is characterized bycompulsive behavior. In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disordercharacterized by compulsive behavior is obsessive compulsive disorder,trichotillomania, or skin picking. In one embodiment, the compulsivebehavior is associated with a neurodegenerative disorder. In oneembodiment, the neurodegenerative disorder is Huntington's disease orParkinson's disease.

In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disorder is characterized byimpulsive behavior. In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disordercharacterized by impulsive behavior is addiction, pathological gambling,alcohol use disorder, nicotine addiction, sex addiction, Tourettesyndrome, or kleptomania. In one embodiment, the impulsive behavior isassociated with a neurodegenerative disorder. In one embodiment, theneurodegenerative disorder is frontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer'sdisorder.

In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disorder is characterized bydepressive mood. In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disordercharacterized by depressive mood is major depressive disorder, anxietydisorder, panic disorder, dysphoria, or anhedonia.

In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disorder is an eating disorder.In one embodiment, the eating disorder is anorexia nervosa, bulimianervosa, binge eating disorder, or obesity.

In one embodiment, the neuropsychiatric disorder is Schizophrenia,psychosis, or bipolar disorder.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating a sleep disorder,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effectiveamount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI),or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,homolog, salt, or composition thereof. In one embodiment, the sleepdisorder is sleep disruption. In one embodiment, the sleep disruption isassociated with a neurodegenerative disorder. In one embodiment, theneurodegenerative disorder is supranuclear palsy.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating a gastrointestinaldisorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I)through (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, homolog, salt, or composition thereof. In oneembodiment, the gastrointestinal disorder is constipation, diarrhea,irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or Crohn'sdisease.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating a skin disorder,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effectiveamount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI),or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,homolog, salt, or composition thereof. In one embodiment, the skindisorder is itching or urticaria.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating dyspnea, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI), or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, homolog,salt, or composition thereof.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating autism spectrumdisorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I)through (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, homolog, salt, or composition thereof.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating Prader-WilliSyndrome, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I)through (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, homolog, salt, or composition thereof.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating headache, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI), or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, homolog,salt, or composition thereof. In one embodiment, the headache ismigraine.

In one embodiment, a method is provided of treating temporomandibularjoint dysfunction, comprising administering to a subject in need thereofan effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formulas (I)through (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, homolog, salt, or composition thereof.

Compounds having the structure of Formulas (I) through (XI) can besynthesized using standard synthetic techniques known to those of skillin the art. For examples, compounds of the present disclosure can besynthesized using the general synthetic procedures set forth in Schemes1-2.

To this end, the reactions, processes and synthetic methods describedherein are not limited to the specific conditions described in thefollowing experimental section, but rather are intended as a guide toone with suitable skill in this field. For example, reactions may becarried out in any suitable solvent, or other reagents to perform thetransformation[s] necessary. Generally, suitable solvents are protic oraprotic solvents which are substantially non-reactive with thereactants, the intermediates or products at the temperatures at whichthe reactions are carried out (i.e., temperatures which may range fromthe freezing to boiling temperatures). A given reaction may be carriedout in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending onthe particular reaction, suitable solvents for a particular work-upfollowing the reaction may be employed.

EXAMPLES

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Theexamples below are non-limiting are merely representative of variousaspects of the invention. Solid and dotted wedges within the structuresherein disclosed illustrate relative stereochemistry, with absolutestereochemistry depicted only when specifically stated or delineated.

General Methods

All reagents, for which the synthesis is not described in theexperimental part, are either commercially available, or are knowncompounds or may be formed from known compounds by known methods by aperson skilled in the art.

The compounds and intermediates produced according to the methods of theinvention may require purification. Purification of organic compounds iswell known to a person skilled in the art and there may be several waysof purifying the same compound. In some cases, no purification may benecessary. In some cases, the compounds may be purified bycrystallization. In some cases, impurities may be stirred out using asuitable solvent. In some cases, the compounds may be purified bychromatography, particularly flash column chromatography or reversephase column chromatography, using prepacked silica gel cartridges. Insome cases, the compounds may be purified by preparative HPLC usingprepacked silica gel cartridges, e.g. RediSep®R_(f) and eluents such asgradients of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes or 0-100% of 10% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂.

Purification methods as described herein may provide compounds of thepresent disclosure which possess a sufficiently basic or acidicfunctionality in the form of a salt, such as, in the case of a compoundof the present disclosure which is sufficiently basic, atrifluoroacetate or formate salt, or, in the case of a compound of thepresent disclosure which is sufficiently acidic, an ammonium salt. Asalt of this type can either be transformed into its free base or freeacid form, respectively, by various methods known to a person skilled inthe art, or be used as salts in subsequent biological assays. It is tobe understood that the specific form of a compound of the presentdisclosure as isolated and as described herein is not necessarily theonly form in which said compound can be applied to a biological assay inorder to quantify the specific biological activity.

All the starting materials and reagents are commercially available andwere used as is. ¹H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy wascarried out using a Bruker Avance III instrument operating at 400 MHzusing the stated solvent at around room temperature unless otherwisestated. In all cases, NMR data were consistent with the proposedstructures. Characteristic chemical shifts (δ) are given inparts-per-million using conventional abbreviations for designation ofmajor peaks: e.g. s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; dd,doublet of doublets; dt, doublet of triplets; m, multiplet; br, broad.Preparative HPLC purification was performed by reverse phase HPLC usingAgilent Technologies 1200 Infinity Series or an equivalent HPLC systemsuch as Teledyne ISCO CombiFlash R_(f).

Chemical names were generated using the ChemDraw naming software(Version 17.0.0.206) by PerkinElmer Informatics, Inc. In some cases,generally accepted names of commercially available reagents were used inplace of names generated by the naming software.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the examples, while otherabbreviations have their customary meaning in the art:

-   -   BOC: tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group    -   DIAD: Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate    -   EDCl: 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide        hydrochloride    -   EtOH: Ethanol    -   EtOC(O)Cl Ethyl chloroformate    -   h hour(s)    -   HOBt: Hydroxybenzotriazole    -   KO^(t)Bu: Potassium t-butoxide    -   l: Liter    -   LCMS: liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry    -   M: Molar    -   MeOH: Methanol    -   min: Minute(s)    -   μl: Microliter    -   ml: Millliliter    -   N₂: Nitrogen    -   N₂H₄: Hydrazine monohydrate    -   NaBH₄: Sodium borohydride    -   N₂CHCO₂Et ethyl diazoacetate    -   NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy    -   Pd₂(dba)₃: Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)    -   PPh₃: Triphenylphosphine    -   ppm: parts per million    -   Rh₂(OAc)₄ Rhodium (II) acetate dimer    -   rt: Room temperature    -   Rt: Retention time    -   sat.: Saturated    -   Sphos: 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl    -   TEA: Triethylamine    -   THF: Tetrahydrofuran

Analytical LC-MS Methods

Analytical Method A: Column: Eclipse Plus C18 4.6×3.5 μm; eluent A: 0.1%TFA in H₂O; eluent B: 0.1% TFA in CH₃CN; gradient: 20-100% over 4minutes; flow: 1.5 mL/min; injection volume 1-5 μL; temperature: 23° C.;UV scan:220 and 250 nm; signal settings—scan positive mode.

Preparative HPLC

Preparative Method A: Instrument: Agilent Technologies 1200 InfinitySeries Column: Gemini 5 μm NX-C18 110 Å, 250×21.2 mm; eluent A: 0.1% TFAin H₂O, eluent B: 0.1% TFA in CH₃CN; gradient: 10-100%; flow: 20 mL/min;injection volume 0.5-2 mL; temperature: 23° C.; UV scan: 254 and 220 nm.

A. Synthesis of Compounds Having the Structure of Formula (I-A)

Representative Compounds having the structure of Formula (I-A) can besynthesized by using the general synthetic procedures set forth inSchemes A1-A5.

EXAMPLE A1

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-((S)-1-phenylethyl)ureido)propyl)benzamide (Compound A-1) Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (A-1b)

14.8 grams of the starting Boc-protected amino acid (A-1a) (1.00 equiv.,43.0 mmol), 24.5 grams of HBTU (1.50 equiv., 64.5 mmol), and 6.58 gramsof 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (1.00 equiv., 43.0 mmol) were dissolved in 50mL of DMF (6.76 volEquiv.). To this reaction mixture, 22.5 mL ofN,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.00 equiv., 129 mmol) was added. Next, 20.7grams of ammonium carbonate (5.00 Equiv., 215 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture. Finally, another 50 mL of DMF was added and thereaction mixture was allowed to continue overnight. Diethyl ether wasadded, and a solid formed that blocked the separatory funnel. Thesolution was transferred to another flask where it was concentrated,diluted with ethyl acetate (500 mL), and washed with water (5×300 mL),saturated ammonium chloride (1×300 mL), and brine (1×300 mL). Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Theresulting product (A-1b) was evaluated using TLC with a mobile phase of20:80 MeOH:DCM. This step yielded 11 g of product (74.5% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of (S)-2-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)propenamide (A-1c

To a solution of starting material (A-1b) 11.0 grams (1.00 equiv., 32.0mmol) in 66.0 mL of THE (6.0 volEquiv.) was added 48.1 mL of 4M HCl indioxane (6.00 equiv., 192 mmol). Solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure and the resulting product was dissolved in ether andtriturated. This reaction yielded 7 grams of product (A-1c) (89.8%yield). (M+H=243.1)

Step 3: Synthesis of (S)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propenamide(A-1d)

A solution of starting material (A-1c) 3.00 grams (1 equiv., 12.3 mmol)in 63.0 mL of acetonitrile (21.0 volEquiv.) was cooled to 0° C. To thisreaction mixture 6.34 mL of formaldehyde (2.11 volEquiv) and 6.54 gramsof sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2.5 equiv., 30.9 mmol) was addedslowly. The residue was dissolved in 10 mL of isopropanol and treatedwith 4M HCl in dioxane. The resulting solution was then concentrated andtriturated with diethyl ether. The resulting product was dried under avacuum yielding 3.2 grams of (A-1d) as an off white solid (95.6% yield).(M+H=271.2)

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-N2,N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride (A-1f)

To a solution of starting material (A-1d) 3.10 grams (1.00 equiv., 11.4mmol) in 28.0 mL of THF (9.03 vol. equiv.) was added 68.6 mL of 1Mborane in THE (6.00 equiv., 68.6 mmol). After the reaction reachedcompletion it was quenched with 50 mL of MeOH. The solvent was thenremoved under vacuum and the resulting residue dissolved in isopropanol.Next, 6.0 mL of 4M HCl in dioxane was added (22.8 mmol). The resultingsolution was diluted with ether and a solid crashed out. The resultingsolid was filtered yielding 1.8 grams of product (A-1f) (61.2% yield).(M+H=257.2)

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl (S)-(3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbamate (A-1g)

To a solution of starting material (A-1f), 2.00 grams (1.00 equiv., 6.06mmol) in 10 mL of DCM (5.00 volEquiv.) was added 2.53 mL ofTriethylamine (3.00 equiv., 18.2 mmol), 1.39 gramsdi-tert-butyl-dicarbonate (1.05 equiv., 6.36 mmol), and 222 mg of DMAP(0.30 equiv., 1.82 mmol). The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to7 using 1M HCl. The resulting solution was extracted using DCM (3×20mL). The organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a colorless oil. Theresultant crude product was purified via column chromatography elutingwith 10% MeOH in DCM yielding 1.2 grams of product (A-1 g) (55.4%yield). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) 6=7.39-7.36 (d, 2H), 7.01-6.98(d, J=8.28 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Step 6: Synthesis of tert-butyl (S)-(3-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbamate (A-1h)

In a dry flask backfilled with Argon, 900 mg of starting material (A-1g)(1.00 equiv., 2.52 mmol), 396 mg of Palladium Xphos (0.20 equiv., 503μmol), and 532 mg of Potassium hexacyanoferrate trihydrate (0.5 equiv.,1.26 mmol) were added. Next, 6.3 mL of dioxane was added. Then, 6.3 mLof 0.05M solution of Potassium acetate (0.125 equiv., 315 μmol) wasadded. The reaction mixture was then stirred at reflux for 6 hours. Thereaction was then quenched with ethyl acetate and then washed withbrine. The blue colored dye was discarded and the resulting productpurified via column chromatography eluting with DCM:MeOH 9:1 yielding821 mg of product (A-1h). (M+H=304.3)

Step 7: Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzonitriledihydrochloride (A-1i)

2.71 mL of 4M HCl in dioxane (4.00 equiv., 10.8 mmol) was added to 821mg of starting material (A-1h) (1.00 equiv., 2.71 mmol). The reactionwas stirred overnight. The next afternoon LCMS showed the presence ofstarting material in the reaction mixture (likely due to do poorstirring conditions). 1 mL of HCl in dioxane (1.48 equiv., 4.00 mmol)was added and the reaction was allowed to stir for another two hours.The reaction mixture was washed with ether and decanted three times. Thesolvent was then evaporated under vacuum yielding 826 mg of product. Theproduct (A-1i) was used for the next step without further purification.(M+H=204.3)

Step 8: Synthesis of1-((S)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-((S)-1-phenylethyl)urea(A-1k)

(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzonitrile dihydrochloride(A-1i) (225 mg, 0.815 mmol, 1 eq.) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL)followed by triethyl amine (0.454 mL, 3.26 mmol, 4 eq.) was added. Thereaction mixture was heated at 60° C. and solution of 4-nitrophenyl(S)-(1-phenylethyl)carbamate (A-1j) (0.233 g, 0.815 mmol, 1 eq)dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at60° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and diluted withethyl acetate. The solid was filtered off and the organic layer waswashed with carbonate buffer (3×5 mL), brine (10 mL), dried with Na₂SO₄and concentrated to get crude. The crude was purified using DCM andmethanol to yield (A-1k) as a yellow solid (0.088 g, 31%, GA-00478).(M+H=351.2) H NMR (300 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.60 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.37(d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 1H), 4.73 (q, J=6.9Hz, 1H), 3.20-2.93 (m, 3H), 2.91-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.52 (dd, J=8.7, 13.4 Hz,1H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.37 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Step 9: Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-((S)-1-phenylethyl)ureido)propyl)benzamide (Compound A-1)

1-((S)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-((S)-1-phenylethyl)urea(A-1k) (0.04 g, 0.114 mmol) was dissolved in methanol/water (0.4 ml,5:1) and cooled to 0° C. K₂CO₃ (0.0789 g, 0.571 mmol, 5 eq.) was addedto the reaction mixture followed by H₂O₂ (0.089 mL, 30%, 1.14 mmol, 10eq.) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water.The organic layer was separated and washed with water, brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to get crude. The crude was purified using DCMand methanol to yield Compound A-1 (5 mg, 12%). (M+H=369.3)¹H NMR (300MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 6H), 7.24-7.16(m, 1H), 4.73 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.21-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.52 (dd, J=8.9,13.0 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (s, 6H), 1.37 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H)

Example A2

Synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)propyl)carbamate (Compound A-2) Step1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl) carbamate intermediate(A-2g)

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl ((S)-1-phenylethyl)((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)propane-1,2-diyl)dicarbamate (A-2i)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate (A-2 g) (190mg), in anhydrous acetonitrile (5 mL) and DMF (3 mL) was added(S)-4-nitrophenyl (1-phenylethyl) carbonate (A-2h) (200 mg) (preparedsimilarly by using the previous procedures: Ronald G. Sherrill, et al,J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 730; Miriam Crowe, et al, WO2011054844). Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight and then concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (100% EtOAc) to afford (A-2i) as a white solid (210 mg, 73%).LC-MS: 464.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz),7.40-7.25 (m, 7H), 6.06 (br s, 1H), 5.78 (q, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 5.60 (br s,1H), 5.03 (t, 1H, J=5.8 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.23(m, 2H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.79 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 6.9 Hz), 1.53 (d, 3H, J=6.5Hz), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl) propyl)carbamate (Compound A-2)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl ((S)-1-phenylethyl)((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)propane-1,2-diyl)dicarbamate (A-2i) (200 mg)and phenol (200 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was added 4N HCl solution in1,4-dioxane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with dichloromethane andammonia and purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford Compound A-2 a white solid(75 mg, 48%). LC-MS: 342.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90 (brs, 1H), 7.77 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.40-7.15 (m, 9H), 5.66 (q, 1H, J=6.6Hz), 3.00-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.68 (dd, 1H, J=13.2, 5.0 Hz), 2.45 (dd, 1H,J=13.4, 7.3 Hz), 1.50 (br s, 2H), 1.44 (d, 3H, J=6.6 Hz).

Example A3

Synthesis (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbamate (CompoundA-3)

To a stirred suspension of (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)propyl)carbamate, Compound A-2 (40 mg,0.12 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and water (0.5 mL) at 0° C. was added37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (0.047 mL, 0.6 mmol), followed bysodium cyanoborohydride (22 mg, 0.35 mmol). After 10 min, acetic acid(0.036 mL, 0.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to rtand stirred for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with water and adjusted topH 10 with aq. Na₂CO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel (0-5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford CompoundA-3, as a white foam (30 mg, 69%). LC-MS: 370.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (br s, 1H), 7.82 and 7.76 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.35-7.10(m, 8H), 6.93 and 6.65 (t, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 5.62 (q, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.06(m, 1H), 2.95-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.47 (dd, 1H, J=15.8, 6.1 Hz), 2.22 (s, 6H),1.41 and 1.33 (d, 3H, J=6.6 Hz).

Example A4

Synthesis of4-((S)-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide (Compound A-4) Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl) carbamate (A-2d)

To a stirred solution of the commercially available(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoic acid(A-4a) (5.0 g, 17.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) at −10° C. undernitrogen was added N-methylmorpholine (1.89 mL, 17.2 mmol), followed byslow addition of ethyl chloroformate (1.65 mL, 17.2 mmol). Afterstirring at −10° C. for 10 min, the reaction mixture was warmed to rtand stirred for 1 h. The precipitates were filtered off and the filtercake was washed with THF. The filtrate was cooled to −10° C. and asolution of sodium borohydride (0.98 g, 25.9 mmol) in water (3 mL) wasslowly added. After 1 h, the reaction was carefully quenched with 1N aq.HCl. The mixture was adjusted to pH 8-9 and extracted with EtOAc (3×).The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel (0-80% EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) to afford(A-2d) as a white powder (3.25 g, 68%). LC-MS: 299.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.60 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.35 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 4.77(br d, 1H), 3.88 (br s, 1H), 3.68 (br d, 1H, J=10.8 Hz), 3.56 (dd, 1H,J=10.8, 4.4 Hz), 2.93 (d, 2H, J=6.7 Hz), 2.08 (br s, 1H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (A-2e)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (A-2d) (1.7 g, 6.2mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added 6N aq. NaOH (1.03 mL, 6.2 mmol),followed by 27% aq. Solution of hydrogen peroxide (2.71 mL, 21.6 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. After cooling, themixture was neutralized with 1N aq. HCl. Removal of methanol in vacuoand the residue was triturated with water. The solids were collected byfiltration and dried to obtain (A-2e) as a white powder (1.5 g, 83%).LC-MS: 317.1 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d,2H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.65 (d, 1H, J=8.6Hz), 4.75 (t, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.87 (dd, 1H,J=13.6, 5.0 Hz), 2.59 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 9.0 Hz), 1.30 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-2f)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (A-2e) (1.0 g,3.4 mmol), phthalimide (0.60 g, 4.1 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (1.08g, 4.1 mmol) in anhydrous THE (40 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen was slowlyadded diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.81 mL, 4.1 mmol) over 1 h. Thereaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt and stirred overnight. Thesolids precipitated out were collected by filtration and washed with THFand dried to obtain (A-2f) as a white powder (1.33 g, 92%). LC-MS: 446.1[M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90-7.75 (m, 7H), 7.31-7.27 (m,3H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 4.03 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.87 (dd,1H, J=13.8, 5.3 Hz), 2.77 (dd, 1H, J=13.8, 9.8 Hz), 1.09 and 0.96 (s,9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamidehydrochloride (A-4b)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-2f) (450 mg) in chloroform (20 mL) and methanol (2 mL) was added 4NHCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred atrt overnight, and then concentrated down to dryness to obtain the crudeproduct (A-4b) as a white powder (460 mg). LC-MS: 324.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) propyl)benzamide(A-4c)

To a stirred suspension of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamidehydrochloride (A-4b) (180 mg, 0.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) andwater (1 mL) at 0° C. was added 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde(0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol), followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (90 mg, 1.5mmol) in portions. After 10 min, acetic acid (0.143 mL, 2.5 mmol) wasadded. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt and stirred for 3 h.The mixture was treated with water and adjusted to pH 10 with aq. Na₂CO₃and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford (A-4c) as a white solid(125 mg, 71%). LC-MS: 352.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (brs, 1H), 7.81 (s, 4H), 7.77 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.31 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz),7.28 (br s, 1H), 3.80 (dd, 1H, J=14.0, 9.5 Hz), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m,1H), 2.94 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 4.8 Hz), 2.53 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 9.0 Hz), 2.23(s, 6H).

Step 6: Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide(A-4d

A mixture of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamide(A-4c) (125 mg, 0.36 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and hydrazine monohydrate(90 mg, 1.8 mmol) was stirred at 70° C. for 3 h. The mixture wasconcentrated down to 2 mL and triturated with CH₂Cl₂ and filtered toremove the solids. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel (0-20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5%ammonia) to afford (A-4d) as a white foam (75 mg, 95%). LC-MS: 222.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.23 (d, 2H,J=8.1 Hz), 6.09 (br s, 1H), 5.65 (br s, 1H), 2.97 (dd, 1H, J=13.0, 3.0Hz), 2.70-2.50 (m, 3H), 2.35 (s, 7H).

Step 7: Synthesis of[N,S(R)]—N-(cyclohexylphenylmethylene)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide(A-4 g)

A round bottom flask was charged with titanium(IV) isopropoxide (35.2 g,124 mmol) and anhydrous THE (100 mL). (R)-(+)-tertbutylsulfinamide(A-4e) (5 g, 41 mmol) and cyclopropyl phenyl ketone (A-4f) (6 g, 41mmol) were added. After cooling, the reaction mixture was quenched withbrine and filtered through Celite. The filter cake was washed with EtOAcand the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layerswere washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel (0-60% EtOAc/hexane) to afford (A-4 g) as a yellow oil(4.5 g, 44%). LC-MS: 250.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.50-7.40(m, 5H), 1.25-1.00 (m, 14H).

Step 8: Synthesis ofN—[(S)-cyclopropylphenylmethyl]-2-methyl-[S(R)]-2-propanesulfinamide(A-4 h)

To a stirred suspension of[N(R),S(R)]—N-(cyclohexylphenylmethylene)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide(A-4 g) (4.5 g, 18 mmol) in anhydrous THE (50 mL) at 0° C. undernitrogen was added 1M L-Selectride solution in THE (25 mL) over 20 min.The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt over 3 h, and thencarefully quenched with methanol. The mixture was filtered throughCelite and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-50% EtOAc/hexane) toisolate both diastereomers.N—[(R)-cyclopropylphenylmethyl]-2-methyl-[S(R)]-2-propanesulfinamide:colorless oil (3.0 g), LC-MS: 252.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.40-7.26 (m, 5H), 3.69 (dd, 1H, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz), 3.52 (s, 1H), 1.25 (s,9H), 1.16 (m, 1H), 0.79 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.48 (m, 1H), 0.24 (m,1H).N—[(S)-cyclopropylphenylmethyl]-2-methyl-[S(R)]-2-propanesulfinamide(A-4 h): colorless oil (0.75 g), LC-MS: 252.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.26 (m, 5H), 3.59 (s, 1H), 3.56 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 1.22(s, 9H), 1.20 (m, 1H), 0.68 (m, 1H), 0.54 (m, 1H), 0.48 (m, 1H), 0.40(m, 1H).

Step 9: Synthesis of (S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride(A-4i

To a stirred solution ofN—[(S)-cyclopropylphenylmethyl]-2-methyl-[S(R)]-2-propanesulfinamide(A-4 h) (1.5 g, 6 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) at 0° C. was added 4M HClsolution in 1,4-dioxane (6 mL). The reaction mixture was slowly warmedto rt and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted withdiethyl ether (30 mL) and the solids precipitated out were collected byfiltration to afford (A-4i) as a white powder (1.05 g, 96%). LC-MS:131.1 [M+H—NH₃]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4) δ 7.42 (m, 5H), 3.57 (d,1H, J=10.0 Hz), 1.39 (m, 1H), 0.82 (m, 1H), 0.68-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.41 (m,1H).

Step 10: Synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl(S)-(cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)carbamate (A-4k)

To a stirred suspension of (S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methanaminehydrochloride (A-4i) (1.0 g, 5.4 mmol) in anhydrous THE (30 mL) undernitrogen was added triethylamine (3 mL, 22 mmol). The solution wascooled to −40° C. and a solution of p-nitrophenol chloroformate (A-4j)(1.09 g, 5.4 mmol) in THE (5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasslowly warmed to rt and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layerswere washed with 1N aq. HCl and brine, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (30-100% CH₂Cl₂/hexane) to afford (A-4k)as a white solid (1.1 g, 65%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (d, 2H,J=8.8 Hz), 7.40-7.30 (m, 7H), 5.59 (d, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 4.19 (t, 1H, J=8.4Hz), 1.25 (m, 1H), 0.75-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.56 (m, 1H), 0.42 (m, 1H).

Step 11: Synthesis of4-((S)-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide(Compound A-4)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide (A-4d) (40 mg) inanhydrous DMF (4 mL) was added 4-nitrophenyl(S)-(cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)carbamate (A-4k) (55 mg). The reactionmixture was stirred at rt overnight and then concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford Compound A-4 as a whitesolid (50 mg, 70%). LC-MS: 395.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.90 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.30-7.10 (m, 8H), 6.68 (d, 1H,J=7.8 Hz), 5.73 (br s, 1H), 4.09 (t, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 3.01 (m, 1H),2.95-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 1.02 (m,1H), 0.50-0.35 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.20 (m, 2H).

Example A5

Synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl) propyl)carbamate,(Compound A-5) Step 1: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate(A-5b)

To a stirred suspension of zinc powder (2.5 g, 38.5 mmol) in anhydrousN,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL) under nitrogen was added iodine (200 mg).After 5 min, a solution of methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (A-2b) (5.0 g, 15.2mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 mL) was added slowly over 10 min. Themixture was stirred at rt for 30 min and then heated at 70° C. for 1 h.The mixture was cooled to rt and a suspension of4-bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzonitrile (A-5a) (2.5 g, 12 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (550mg), and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos, 492 mg)in N,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL) was added into the zinc reagentmixture. The reaction mixture was heated at 70° C. and stirredovernight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was quenched with water,diluted with EtOAc and filtered through Celite. The filter cake waswashed with EtOAc and the filtrate was washed with 1N aq. HCl and brine,dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-50%EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) to afford (A-5b) as a white solid (1.5 g, 38%). LC-MS:355.2 [M+Na]; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.30 (s, 2H), 5.13 (d, 1H, J=8.8Hz), 4.56 (q, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s,6H), 1.35 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5c)

To a stirred solution of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate(A-5b) (1.5 g, 4.5 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) and THE (10 mL) was addedsodium borohydride in small portions with 1 h intervals until allstarting material was consumed (about 800 mg NaBH₄ used). The reactionmixture was carefully quenched with 1N aq. HCl and adjusted to pH 5. Thevolatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue wastriturated with water. The white solids precipitated out were collectedby filtration, washed with water and dried to afford (A-5c) (1.0 g,73%). LC-MS: 327.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.30 (s, 2H), 4.87(br s, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.70 (m, 1H), 3.55 (dt, 1H, J=10.7, 4.4 Hz),3.05-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 6H), 2.09 (br s, 1H), 1.37 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5d)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5c) (1.0 g, 3.3 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was added 6N aq. NaOH (0.55mL, 3.3 mmol), followed by 27% aq. Solution of hydrogen peroxide (1.45mL, 11.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h.After cooling, the mixture was neutralized with 1N aq. HCl. Removal ofmethanol under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated withwater. The solids were collected by filtration and dried to obtain(A-5d) a white powder (1.0 g, 94%). LC-MS: 345.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.45 (s, 2H), 6.20 (br s, 1H), 5.60 (br s, 1H), 4.87 (d,1H, J=8.5 Hz), 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.69 (dd, 1H, J=10.5, 3.5 Hz), 3.55 (dd,1H, J=10.7, 4.6 Hz), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 7H), 1.38 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5e)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5d) (1.0 g, 3.1 mmol), phthalimide (0.55 g, 3.7 mmol), andtriphenylphosphine (0.98 g, 3.7 mmol) in anhydrous THE (40 mL) at 0° C.under nitrogen was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.73 mL, 3.7mmol) over 20 min. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt andstirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated and the residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (100% EtOAc) toafford (A-5e) as a white solid (1.2 g, 86%). LC-MS: 474.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.00-7.75 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s,2H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.25-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.76 (dd,1H, J=13.5, 10.0 Hz), 3.46 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 3.7 Hz), 2.90-2.80 (m, 2H),2.35 (s, 6H), 1.08 and 0.88 (s, 9H).

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5f)

A mixture of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5e) (600 mg, 1.33 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and hydrazine monohydrate(325 mg, 6.7 mmol) was stirred at 80° C. for 3 h. After cooling, themixture was filtered to remove the solids and the filter cake was washedwith ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel to afford (A-5f) a white foam (360 mg,84%). LC-MS: 322.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.45 (s, 2H), 6.07(br s, 1H), 5.60 (br s, 1H), 4.72 (br s, 1H), 3.82 (br s, 1H), 3.00-2.60(m, 4H), 1.35 (s, 9H).

Step 6: (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl) propyl)carbamate(Compound A-5)

(S)-1-phenylethyl ((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl) carbamate (Compound A-5) was synthesized according to theprocedure for Example A2 using tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5f) as the starting material. LC-MS: 370.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.53 and 7.48 (s, 2H), 7.40-6.90 (m, 7H), 5.67(q, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.10-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.66 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 4.2 Hz),2.52 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.40 (br s, 2H), 1.44 and 1.35 (d, 3H, J=6.5Hz).

Example A6

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-amino-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-6)

4-((S)-2-amino-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-6) was synthesized according to the procedure for Example A2using tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5f) and 4-nitrophenyl (S)-(cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)carbamate (A-4k)as the starting materials. LC-MS: 395.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.15 (m,2H), 6.56 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 5.99 (t, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 4.14 (t, 1H, J=8.2Hz), 3.05-2.75 (m, 3H), 2.68 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 5.0 Hz), 2.55 (dd, 1H,J=13.5, 7.8 Hz), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.50 (br s, 2H), 1.04 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.38(m, 2H), 0.35-0.25 (m, 2H).

Example A7

Synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbamate(Compound A-7)

(S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbamate(Compound A-7) was synthesized according to the procedure for Example A3using (S)-1-phenylethyl((S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)carbamate(Compound A-5) as the starting material. LC-MS: 398.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.84 and 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.56 and 7.51 (s, 2H),7.35-7.15 and 7.02 (m, 6H), 6.91 and 6.67 (t, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 5.62 (q,1H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.65 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 12H), 1.41 and1.29 (d, 3H, J=6.5 Hz).

Example A8

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((S)-3-phenylbutanamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-8) Step 1: Synthesis of triethyl(R)-2-phenylpropane-1,1,1-tricarboxylate A-8b)

To a solution of 1.48 mL of the alcohol (A-8a) (1.00 equiv., 12 mmol)and 5.21 mL of triethyl methanetricarboxylate (2.00 equiv., 24.1 mmol)in 45.0 mL of anhydrous toluene at room temperature, 24.1 mL of 1Mtrimethyl phosphine solution in toluene (1M, 2.00 equiv., 24.1 mmol) wasadded. The resulting solution was cooled to −78° C. DIAD (4.74 mL, 2.00equiv., 24.1 mmol) was added slowly at such a rate to maintain thetemperature of the reaction at −75° C. to −77° C. The reaction was thenstirred at −78° C. for 0.5 hours and warmed to room temperature for 1-3hours and was allowed to run overnight. Solvent was concentrated invacuo to get crude. The crude was purified by column chromatographyusing hexane and ethyl acetate to yield compound (A-8b) as a clear oil(3.7 g, 91.4%). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=7.35-7.32 (m, 2H),7.20-7.12 (m, 3H), 4.13-4.03 (m, 6H), 3.81-3.74 (q, J=7.18, 1H),1.44-1.41 (d, J=7.23, 3H), 1.13-1.09, (t, J=7.14, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of (S)-3-phenylbutanoic acid (A-8d)

To triethyl (R)-2-phenylpropane-1,1,1-tricarboxylate (A-8b) (3.7 g, 1.00equiv., 11.1 mmol) 11.2 mL of MeOH was added followed by 20.1 ml of 3.3N NaOH in water (6.00 equiv., 66.4 mmol). The resulting mixture washeated to reflux and the reaction was allowed to continue overnight.Reaction was tracked using HPLC. When no starting material remained,heating was removed and the reaction was allowed to reach roomtemperature. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude tris acid(A-8c) was taken up in 66.4 mL of acetic acid (105 equiv., 1.16 mol) andheated to reflux. The reflux was allowed to continue overnight. Thesolvent was then concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude acid wasdissolved in water, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combinedextracts were washed with water and then dried using sodium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo to give product. The product was then purified viacolumn chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes yieldingcompound (A-8d) as a clear oil (1.16 g, 63.9% over 2 steps). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=7.38-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.22 (m, 3H), 3.31 (sxt,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.57 (m, 1H), 1.36 (d, J=7.1 Hz,3H)

Step 3: Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (A-8e)

(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (A-8e) wassynthesized according to the procedure of Example A4 using tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(A-5e) as the starting material. LC-MS: 250.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.43 (s, 2H), 6.00 (br s, 1H), 5.50 (br s, 1H), 2.91 (dd, 1H,J=13.2, 2.5 Hz), 2.78-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 6H),2.37 (s, 6H), 2.35 (m, 1H).

Step 4: Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((S)-3-phenylbutanamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-8)

To a stirred solution of (S)-3-phenylbutanoic acid (A-8d) (16 mg, 0.1mmol), hydroxybenzotriazole (13 mg, 0.1 mmol), and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (30 mg, 0.15mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) under nitrogen was added(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (A-8e) (25mg, 0.1 mmol), followed by triethylamine (0.028 mL, 0.2 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h and then diluted with waterand extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed withaq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel (0-5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford CompoundA-8 as a white foam (37 mg, 92%). LC-MS: 396.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.53 (t, 1H, J=5.3 Hz), 7.48 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.10(m, 6H), 3.15-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.65 (m, 3H), 2.35-2.20 (m, 14H), 1.13(d, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

Example A9

Synthesis of4-((S)-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (Compound A-9)

4-((S)-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-9) was synthesized according to the procedure for Example A3using4-((S)-2-amino-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-6) as the starting material. LC-MS: 423.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 6H), 6.69(d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.72 (m, 1H), 4.06 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 2.95-2.80 (m,3H), 2.66 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 0.99 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.35(m, 2H), 0.31-0.20 (m, 2H).

Example A10

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((R)-3-phenylbutanamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound A-10) Step 1: Synthesis of triethyl(S)-2-phenylpropane-1,1,1-tricarboxylate (A-10b)

To a solution of 1.00 mL of the alcohol (A-10a) (1.00 equiv., 7.94 mmol)and 3.44 mL of triethyl methanetricarboxylate (2.00 equiv., 15.9 mmol)in 30.0 mL of anhydrous toluene at room temperature, 15.9 mL of 1Mtrimethyl phosphine solution in toluene (1M, 2.00 equiv., 15.9 mmol) wasadded. The resulting solution was cooled to −78° C. DIAD (3.13 mL, 2.00equiv., 15.9 mmol) was added slowly at such a rate to maintain thetemperature of the reaction at −75° C. to −77° C. The reaction was thenstirred at −78° C. for 0.5 hours and warmed to room temperature for 1-3hours and was allowed to run overnight. Solvent was concentrated invacuo to get crude. The crude was purified by column chromatographyusing hexane and ethyl acetate to yield compound (A-10b) as clear oil(2.46 g, 92.1%). ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=4.45-7.43 (d, 2H),7.30-7.20 (m, 3H), 4.22-4.13 (m, 6H), 1.23-1.19 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of (R)-3-phenylbutanoic acid (A-10d)

To triethyl (S)-2-phenylpropane-1,1,1-tricarboxylate (A-10b) (1.00equiv., 2.97 mmol) 3.00 mL of MeOH was added followed by 5.41 ml of 3.3N NaOH in water (6.00 equiv., 17.8 mmol). The resulting mixture washeated to reflux and the reaction was allowed to continue overnight.Reaction was tracked using HPLC. When no starting material remained,heating was removed and the reaction was allowed to reach roomtemperature. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude tris acid(A-10c) was taken up in 17.9 mL of acetic acid (105 equiv., 312 mmol)and heated to reflux. The reflux was allowed to continue overnight. Thesolvent was then concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude acid wasdissolved in water, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combinedextracts were washed with water and then dried using sodium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo to give product. The product was then purified viacolumn chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes yieldingcompound (A-10d) as clear oil (240 mg, 49.2% over 2 steps). ¹H NMR (600MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=7.34-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 3H), 3.29 (sxt,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.71-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.57 (m, 1H), 1.34 (d, J=7.0 Hz,3H)

Step 3: Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-phenylbutanamide(A-10e)

To 160 mg of the amine HCl (A-1i) (1.00 equiv., 579 μmol), 133 mg ofHOBT monohydrate (1.50 equiv., 869 μmol) was added followed by theaddition of 800 μL of DMF (5.00 volEquiv.). Next, 349 μL of DIPEA (3.50equiv., 2.03 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C. In a separate vial, 800 μL of DMF (5.00 volEquiv.) was added to 95.4mg of acid (A-10d) (1.00 equiv 581 μmol) and then transferred to thereaction mixture at 0° C. Finally, 167 mg of EDC (1.5 equiv., 869 μmol)was added and allowed to stir at 0° C. for 5 minutes, after which it wasallowed to stir at rt. After 3 hours, the reaction was quenched byadding water and stirred for 10 minutes. The white solid was extractedusing ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with sat.NaHCO₃ twice, then with water, and brine. The solvent was thenevaporated. The resultant product (A-10e) was flashed in 9:0.5:0.2DCM/MeOH/NH₃ in MeOH giving 156.5 mg of product (77.3% yield).

Step 4: Synthesis of((R)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((S)-3-phenylbutanamido)propyl) benzamide(Compound A-10)

54.8 mg of starting material (A-10e) (1.00 equiv., 157 μmol) was addedto a vial and dissolved in 165 μL of DMSO (3.01 volEquiv.). Next, 80.2mg of potassium carbonate (3.00 equiv., 470 μmol) was added to thereaction mixture. Finally, 28.0 microliters hydrogen peroxide (30%aqueous, 1.75 equiv., 274 μmol) was added dropwise to the reactionmixture. The reaction was then stirred and monitored via LCMS. After 50minutes another 1.75 equivalents of hydrogen peroxide were added to pushthe reaction forward, and the reaction mixture was monitored via LCMS.After 20 minutes the reaction was quenched using 0.5 mL of water, and0.5 mL of 10% w/w aqueous sodium thiosulfate. The product was thenextracted using ethyl acetate (1 mL×3) and the aqueous layer was testedvia LCMS and TLC for presence of product. The organic layer was thendried using NaSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo yielding 24.4 mg of product,Compound A-10 (42.3% yield). An NMR sample was taken in CDCl₃. The CDCl₃peak covered part of the spectra so another NMR sample was prepared indeuterated methanol. (M+H=368.4) H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ=7.8-7.78(d, J=8.28 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 6H), 7.14-7.10 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 6H),1.25-1.24 (d, 3H).

Example A11

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((R)-3-phenylbutanamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-11)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((R)-3-phenylbutanamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound A-11) was synthesized according to the procedure for ExampleA8 using (R)-3-phenylbutanoic acid (A-10d) as the starting material.LC-MS: 396.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.47 (m,3H), 7.30-7.10 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m,1H), 2.35-2.20 (m, 14H), 1.14 (d, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).

Example A12

Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-(isopropyl(phenyl)amino)acetamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (Compound A-12)

(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-(isopropyl(phenyl)amino)acetamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (Compound A-12) was synthesized accordingto the procedure for Example A8 using N-isopropyl-N-phenylglycine(A-12a) (Rheem A. Totah, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 10107) asthe starting material. LC-MS: 425.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.81 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 2H), 7.40 (t, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.15(t, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.70-6.60 (m, 3H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.57 (s, 2H), 3.13(m, 1H), 2.92-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.22 (s, 6H),1.08 (t, 6H, J=5.6 Hz).

Example A13

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-(3-benzyl-3-methylureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-13)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (50.6 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added CDI(35 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After stirring at RT for 4 h undernitrogen, DIPEA (70 μL, 0.4 mmol, 2 equiv) andN-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine (31 μL, 0.24 mmol, 1.2 equiv) were addedand continued to stir overnight. The solution was concentrated undervacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (0-25% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid(47.1 mg, 59% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.06 (t, J=7.95 Hz, 1H)7.76 (s, 2H) 7.32-7.52 (m, 6H) 7.14-7.18 (m, 1H) 7.00-7.09 (m, 1H), 5.54(br d, J=6.60 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (ddd, J=12.66,7.40, 4.65 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (d, J=4.65 Hz, 3H), 3.08-3.14 (m, 2H),3.04-3.08 (m, 3H), 2.89-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.53 (m, 7H). LCMS: 401.3[M]⁺.

Example A14

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-(3-benzylureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-14)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (50.6 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added CDI(35 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After stirring at RT for 4 h undernitrogen, DIPEA (70 μL, 0.4 mmol, 2 equiv) andN-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine (31 μL, 0.24 mmol, 1.2 equiv) were addedand continued to stir overnight. The solution was concentrated undervacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (0-25% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid(47.1 mg, 59% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (t, J=8.07 Hz, 1H),7.73-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.57 (m, 12H), 7.14-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.10 (m,1H), 6.24 (br s, 1H), 5.86 (br d, J=5.38 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (d, J=5.62 Hz,2H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 6H), 3.34-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.03-3.20 (m, 5H), 2.91-3.02(m, 1H), 2.48-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 5H), 1.39-1.44 (m, 1H). LCMS: 401.3[M]⁺.

Example A15

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-((S)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)ureido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-15)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (50 mg, 0.20 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added CDI (35mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After stirring at RT for 4 h under nitrogen,DIPEA (70 μL, 0.4 mmol, 2 equiv) and (S)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-amine(29 μL, 0.24 mmol, 1.2 equiv) were added and continued to stirovernight. The solution was concentrated under vacuum and the residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-25% MeOHin CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (70.7 mg, 88% yield).¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.70 (d, J=4.88 Hz, 1H), 8.02-8.10 (m, 1H),7.93-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.87 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.57 (m,1H), 7.45-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.07, 1.47 Hz,1H), 7.07 (dd, J=12.59, 1.10 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (br d, J=6.11 Hz, 1H), 5.78(br d, J=5.14 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (quin, J=6.91 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (ddd, J=12.72,7.34, 4.89 Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.24 (m, 5H), 2.92-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.61 (m,2H), 2.43-2.50 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.67 (m, 3H). LCMS: 402.2 [M]⁺.

Example A16

Synthesis of4-((S)-3-((S)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanamido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-16)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (43 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl (S)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoate (63.7 mg,0.18 mmol, 1.08 equiv) under nitrogen. After 2 h, the solution wasconcentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (0-25% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) toafford a white solid (54.8 mg, 66% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.98 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H),6.98-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.89 (m, 3H), 6.56 (br d, J=5.62 Hz, 1H),4.70-4.78 (m, 1H), 3.34 (ddd, J=13.63, 6.91, 4.89 Hz, 1H), 2.98-3.04 (m,3H), 2.84-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.47(m, 2H), 2.20-2.29 (m, 7H), 1.32 (d, J=6.11 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 484.2 [M]⁺.

Example A17

Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-methyl-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ureido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-17)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (42.5 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added CDI(30 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After stirring at RT for 4 h undernitrogen, DIPEA (59 μL, 0.34 mmol, 2 equiv) andN-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanamine (25 μL, 0.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv) wereadded and continued to stir overnight. The solution was concentratedunder vacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a whitesolid (18.7 mg, 27% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.52 (d, J=4.98Hz, 1H), 8.00 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (td, J=7.64, 1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.24(d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (ddd, J=7.58, 4.89, 1.22 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd,J=8.07, 1.47 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=12.96, 1.47 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (br d,J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (br s, 1H), 4.46-4.57 (m, 2H), 3.34 (ddd, J=13.21,6.85, 4.89 Hz, 1H), 2.84-3.07 (m, 9H), 2.37-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.36 (m,6H), 1.87-2.13 (m, 2H). LCMS: 402.2 [M]⁺.

Example A18

Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ureido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-18)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (42.5 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added CDI(30 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After stirring at RT for 4 h undernitrogen, DIPEA (59 μL, 0.34 mmol, 2 equiv) and pyridin-2-ylmethanamine(21 μL, 0.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv) were added and continued to stir overnight.The solution was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (70.7 mg, 88% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.49 (d, J=5.13 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H), 7.64(td, J=7.64, 1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=6.22 Hz, 1H),7.04 (d, J=8.14 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J=12.96, 1.47 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (br dd,J=11.86, 5.26 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (br s, 1H), 5.38 (br d, J=5.62 Hz, 1H), 4.45(d, J=5.38 Hz, 2H), 3.22-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.03 (m, 5H), 2.73-2.88 (m,1H), 2.38 (dd, J=13.33, 9.66 Hz, 1H), 2.28-2.33 (m, 6H), 2.10-2.21 (m,3H). LCMS: 388.2 [M]⁺.

Example A19

Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-phenoxypropanamidopropyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-19)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (21 mg, 0.08 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added EDCI(25 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1.5 equiv), HOBt (18 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1.5 equiv),3-phenoxypropanoic acid (15 mg, 0.9 mmol, 1.1 equiv), and DIPEA (89 μL,0.5 mmol, 6 equiv). After 6 h, the solution was diluted with water andextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with aq.NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated.The residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford a white solid (7.5 mg, 24% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.96-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.84-7.04(m, 5H), 6.62-6.75 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.42 (m, 1H),2.87-3.07 (m, 5H), 2.67-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.61 (t, J=5.87 Hz, 2H), 2.26-2.36(m, 8H), 1.75-1.93 (m, 5H). LCMS: 402.2 [M]⁺.

Example A20

Synthesis of4-((S)-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound A-20)

To a stirred solution of 4-((S)-2-amino-3-(3-((S)-cyclopropyl(phenyl)methyl)ureido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (76 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1equiv) in 9:1 CH₃CN: H₂O at 0° C. was added NaCNBH₄ (60 mg, 0.95 mmol, 5equiv) and 37% formaldehyde (21 μL, 0.57 mmol, 3 equiv). After 10 min,HOAc (55 ul, 0.95 mmol, 5 equiv) was added and the solution was allowedto warm to rt for 4 h. Ethyl acetate (10 mL) was added and the solutionwas washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford a whitesolid (45 mg, 58% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.26 (d, J=4.40 Hz,4H). 6.91-7.01 (m, 1H). 6.79-6.91 (m, 1H). 6.50-6.76 (m, 1H). 3.86-3.98(m, 1H). 3.08-3.18 (m, 1H). 2.85-3.00 (m, 6H). 2.26-2.34 (m, 5H).1.11-1.17 (m, 2H). 0.99-1.09 (m, 1H). 0.37-0.56 (m, 2H). 0.21-0.37 (m,2H). LCMS: 427.2 [M]⁺.

Example A21

Synthesis of(R)—N—(((S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-3-phenylbutanamide(Compound A-21)

To a stirred solution of(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol (50 mg,0.52 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (3 mL) was added EDCI (100 mg, 1.04 mmol,2 equiv), HOBt (70 mg, 1.04 mmol, 2 equiv), (R)-3-phenylbutanoic acid(47 mg, 0.57 mmol, 1.1 equiv), and DIPEA (226 μL, 2.6 mmol, 5 equiv).After 3 h, the solution was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc.The combined organic layers were washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-10% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂) to afford a white solid (8.1 mg, 5% yield.). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 6H), 6.86 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (br d, J=7.83Hz, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.03 (br s, 1H), 3.59-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.57 (m,2H), 3.19-3.38 (m, 3H), 2.39-2.66 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, J=6.85Hz, 3H), 1.21 (t, J=6.97 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 339.2 [M]⁺.

Example A22

Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)propyl)-3-phenylbutanamide(Compound A-22)

(R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)propyl)-3-phenylbutanamidewas synthesized according to the general procedure using(S)-5-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)indolin-2-one and(R)-3-phenylbutanoic acid as the starting materials. LC-MS: 380.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.25 (s, 1H), 7.44 (m, 1H),7.30-7.10 (m, 5H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.93 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 6.69 (d, 1H,J=7.9 Hz), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.15-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.65 (dd, 1H, J=13.4, 5.5Hz), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.20 (s, 6H), 1.15 (d, 3H, J=6.9Hz).

Example A23

Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)propyl)-3-phenylbutanamide(Compound A-23)

(S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)propyl)-3-phenylbutanamidewas synthesized according to the general procedure using(S)-5-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)indolin-2-one and(S)-3-phenylbutanoic acid as the starting materials. LC-MS: 380.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.25 (s, 1H), 7.46 (br t, 1H),7.30-7.15 (m, 5H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.92 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.69 (d, 1H,J=7.9 Hz), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.12 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.55 (m,2H), 2.40-2.22 (m, 3H), 2.19 (s, 6H), 1.14 (d, 3H, J=6.9 Hz).

B. Synthesis of Compounds Having the Structure of Formula (I-B)

Representative Compounds having the structure of Formula (I-B) can besynthesized by using the general synthetic procedures set forth inSchemes B1-B3.

Synthesis of Intermediates Synthesis of(S)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-N2,N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride(Int-5) Step 1: Synthesis of(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid(Int-1)

3-Fluoro-L-Phenylalanine (1 g, 5.46 mmol, Combi-blocks, Cat #SS-0819,Lot #L78093) was dissolved in THE (15 mL) and water (15 mL) and the pHof the solution was adjusted to 9 using saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution. Di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate (1.31 g, 6 mmol) was added to thesolution slowly and was stirred overnight. After completion of thereaction, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4 using 0.1 M HCl andthe aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Combined organiclayers were washed with water (×2) followed by brine, dried using sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1.5g (97% yield) off-white solid of the title product (Int-1). LCMS (+ESI)M+H+(-Boc)=184.1.

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-2)

To a solution of Int-1 (1.5 g, 5.29 mmol) and DMF (15 mL), DIPEA (2.77mL, 15.9 mmol), HATU (3.02 g, 7.94 mmol), HOBt monohydrate (715 mg, 5.29mmol) and ammonium carbonate (4.19 g, 52.9 mmol) were added and wasallowed to stir at room temperature overnight. After completion of thereaction, the mixture was diluted with ether and the organic layer waswashed with water (×2) followed by brine, dried using sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1.1 g (74%yield) an off-white solid of Int-2. LCMS (+ESI) M+H+(-Boc)=183.1. 1H NMR(400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=7.30-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),6.98-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.02 (br s, 1H), 5.60 (br s, 1H), 5.11 (br d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 4.39 (br d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of (S)-2-amino-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propenamidehydrochloride (Int-3)

To a solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-2) (1.1g, 3.9 mmol) and THE (5.5 mL), 4 M HCl in dioxane (3.9 mL, 15.6 mmol)was added and was allowed to stir until no starting material wasobserved (by TLC). After completion of the reaction, the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure. Obtained solid was re-dissolved inether and was evaporated under reduced pressure (this step was repeatedtwo more times). Obtained solid was dried under high vacuum to afford710 mg (99% yield) of the title product (Int-3). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=183.1.

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanamide hydrochloride (Int-4)

To a solution of (S)-2-amino-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propenamide hydrochloride(Int-3) (710 mg, 3.8 mmol) and 9:1 acetonitrile and water (9.9 mL),formaldehyde (13.3 M, 2.93 mL, 39 mmol) was added and was cooled to 0°C. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2.06 g, 9.74 mmol) was added portionwise and was stirred for 15 minutes. The completion of the reaction wasmonitored by LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the mixture wasquenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (11.5 mL) and the pHof the solution was adjusted to 8 using 5% sodium carbonate solution.The aqueous layer was extracted with 1:3 isopropanol and ethyl acetate(×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried using sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crudematerial was re-dissolved in isopropanol and was treated with 37% HCl(12 M, 0.3 mL). The solution was partially concentrated and wasprecipitated using ethyl ether. The solid was filtered and washed withether, dried under high vacuum to afford 960 mg (99% yield) of the titleproduct (Int-4). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=211.2.

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-N2,N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride(Int-5)

(S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanamide hydrochloride(Int-4) (960 mg, 3.89 mmol) was dissolved in THE (14.4 mL) and wascooled to 0° C. Borane tetrahydrofuran (0.9 M, 26 mL, 23.3 mmol) wasadded to the solution slowly dropwise. After warming to roomtemperature, the mixture was refluxed (60° C.) for 20 hours. Aftercompletion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled and quenched usingmethanol and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was re-dissolved in methanol and was evaporated under reducedpressure and this step was repeated two more times. Obtained oil wasre-dissolved in isopropanol and 2 N HCl in ether was added followed bydilution with ether. The slurry was sonicated and was filtered to afford530 mg (51% yield) of pale-yellow solid of the title product (Int-5).LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=197.2.

Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenoldihydrochloride (Int-7) Step 1: Synthesis of(S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanamide hydrochloride(Int-6)

(S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide hydrochloride(Int-6) was prepared by the same procedure as for Int-4, starting withL-tyrosinamide (Cat #SS-8156, Lot #L79234), for 95% yield. LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=209.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ=11.02 (br s, 1H), 9.42 (br s,1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.11-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.78-6.60 (m, 2H),3.95 (br d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (dd, J=4.1, 13.1 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (dd,J=10.8, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (s, 6H).

Step 2: Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenoldihydrochloride (Int-7)

(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol dihydrochloride (Int-7)was prepared by the same procedure as for Int-5, using Int-6, for 86%yield. LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=195.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ=11.14-10.93(br s, 1H), 9.62-9.28 (br m, 1H), 8.50 (br s, 2H), 7.18-7.09 (m, 2H),6.81-6.72 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.14 (br dd,J=3.3, 13.6 Hz, 1H), 2.96-2.74 (m, 6H), 2.73-2.55 (m, 2H).

Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide (Int-13)Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-8)

To a stirred solution of the commercially available(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoic acid (5.0g, 17.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) at −10° C. under nitrogen wasadded N-methylmorpholine (1.89 mL, 17.2 mmol), followed by slow additionof ethyl chloroformate (1.65 mL, 17.2 mmol). After stirring at −10° C.for 10 min, the reaction mixture was warmed to rt and stirred for 1 h.The precipitates were filtered off and the filter cake was washed withTHF. The filtrate was cooled to −10° C. and a solution of sodiumborohydride (0.98 g, 25.9 mmol) in water (3 mL) was slowly added. After1 h, the reaction was carefully quenched with 1N aq. HCl. The mixturewas adjusted to pH 8-9 and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (0-80% EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) to afford the titlecompound (Int-8) as a white powder (3.25 g, 68%). LC-MS: 299.2 [M+Na]⁺;¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.60 (d, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.35 (d, 2H, J=7.7Hz), 4.77 (br d, 1H), 3.88 (br s, 1H), 3.68 (br d, 1H, J=10.8 Hz), 3.56(dd, 1H, J=10.8, 4.4 Hz), 2.93 (d, 2H, J=6.7 Hz), 2.08 (br s, 1H), 1.40(s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-9)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-8) (1.7 g,6.2 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added 6N aq. NaOH (1.03 mL, 6.2 mmol),followed by 27% aq. Solution of hydrogen peroxide (2.71 mL, 21.6 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. After cooling, themixture was neutralized with 1N aq. HCl. Removal of methanol in vacuoand the residue was triturated with water. The solids were collected byfiltration and dried to obtain (Int-9) as a white powder (1.5 g, 83%).LC-MS: 317.1 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d,2H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.65 (d, 1H, J=8.6Hz), 4.75 (t, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.87 (dd, 1H,J=13.6, 5.0 Hz), 2.59 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 9.0 Hz), 1.30 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-10)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-9) (1.0g, 3.4 mmol), phthalimide (0.60 g, 4.1 mmol), and triphenylphosphine(1.08 g, 4.1 mmol) in anhydrous THE (40 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen wasslowly added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.81 mL, 4.1 mmol) over 1 h.The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt and stirred overnight. Thesolids precipitated out were collected by filtration and washed with THEand dried to obtain the title compound (Int-10) as a white powder (1.33g, 92%). LC-MS: 446.1 [M+Na]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90-7.75 (m,7H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 3H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 4.03 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.60(m, 2H), 2.87 (dd, 1H, J=13.8, 5.3 Hz), 2.77 (dd, 1H, J=13.8, 9.8 Hz),1.09 and 0.96 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamidehydrochloride (Int-11)

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-10) (450 mg) in chloroform (20 mL) and methanol (2 mL) was added 4NHCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred atrt overnight, and then concentrated down to dryness to obtain the crudeproduct (Int-11) as a white powder (460 mg). LC-MS: 324.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamide(Int-12)

To a stirred suspension of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamidehydrochloride (Int-11) (180 mg, 0.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) andwater (1 mL) at 0° C. was added 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde(0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol), followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (90 mg, 1.5mmol) in portions. After 10 min, acetic acid (0.143 mL, 2.5 mmol) wasadded. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt and stirred for 3 h.The mixture was treated with water and adjusted to pH 10 with aq. Na₂CO₃and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford the title compound(Int-12) as a white solid (125 mg, 71%). LC-MS: 352.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (br s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 4H), 7.77 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.31 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.28 (br s, 1H), 3.80 (dd, 1H, J=14.0, 9.5Hz), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.94 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 4.8 Hz), 2.53(dd, 1H, J=13.5, 9.0 Hz), 2.23 (s, 6H).

Step 6: Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl) benzamide(Int-13)

A mixture of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)benzamide(Int-12) (125 mg, 0.36 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and hydrazinemonohydrate (90 mg, 1.8 mmol) was stirred at 70° C. for 3 h. The mixturewas concentrated down to 2 mL and triturated with CH₂Cl₂ and filtered toremove the solids. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel (0-20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5%ammonia) to afford the title compound (Int-13) as a white foam (75 mg,95%). LC-MS: 222.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.1 Hz), 6.09 (br s, 1H), 5.65 (br s, 1H), 2.97 (dd,1H, J=13.0, 3.0 Hz), 2.70-2.50 (m, 3H), 2.35 (s, 7H).

Synthesis of phenylcyclopropane carboxylic acids(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-22)(1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-23)(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-24)(1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-25)

Synthesis of cis-ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate(Int-15) and trans-ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate(Int-16)

To a stirred mixture of α-methylstyrene (Int-14) (5 g, 42.4 mmol) andrhodium (II) acetate dimer (56 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) wasadded ethyl diazoacetate (15% in toluene) (43.2 mL, 50.8 mmol, 1.0equiv.) via additional funnel over 4 h. The resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for overnight. Reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure and purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (0-5% EtOAc/hexane) to afford both the lesspolar trans-isomer (Int-16) (2.3 g, 27%) and the cis-isomer (Int-15)(2.2 g, 25%). Trans-isomer: colorless oil, LC-MS: 205.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.34-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 4.23-4.16 (m, 2H),1.96 (dd, 1H, J=8.3, 6.0 Hz), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.47-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.30 (t,3H, J=7.1 Hz). Cis-isomer: colorless oil, LC-MS: 205.2 [M+H]; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.30-7.15 (m, 5H), 3.90-3.75 (m, 2H), 1.90 (dd, 1H,J=7.7, 5.4 Hz), 1.78 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.14 (dd, 1H,J=7.6, 4.6 Hz), 0.94 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz).

Synthesis of cis-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-17)

To a solution of cis-ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate(Int-15) (2.5 g, 12.2 mmol, 1 equiv.) in MeOH (30 mL) and water (6 mL)was added LiOH (820 g, 34.2 mmol, 2.8 equiv.). The resulting mixture wasstirred at rt overnight. Then more LiOH (820 g, 34.2 mmol, 2.8 equiv.)was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2.5 hours.TLC and LC-MS showed that starting material was consumed. Then MeOH wascarefully evaporated, and the residue was diluted with water (30 mL),followed by the addition of 1 N HCl (70 mL). Then the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and concentration, the product wasobtained as a colorless oil (Int-17) (2.15 g), which was used for thenext step without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.30-7.15 (m, 5H), 1.88 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 5.6 Hz), 1.72 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz),1.45 (s, 3H), 1.21 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 4.6 Hz).

Synthesis of(S)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-18) and(S)-3-((1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-19)

To a stirred solution of cis-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid (Int-17) (2.15 g, 12.2 mmol, 1 equiv.) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) at 0°C. under nitrogen were added 5 drops of dry DMF, followed by oxalylchloride (2.07 mL, 24.1 mmol, 1.7 equiv.). The resulting mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 15 min and then stirred at rt for 2 h. The solventwas carefully evaporated to afford the desired acid chloride.

To a stirred solution of (S)-(+)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone (2.31 g, 14.2mmol, 1 equiv.) in dry THE (50 mL) at −78° C. under N₂ was added n-BuLi(2.5 M in hexanes, 5.68 mL, 14.2 mmol, 1 equiv.) dropwise over 10 min.After stirring at −78° C. for 30 min, a solution of the above preparedacid chloride in THF (10 mL) was added over 15 min. Then the resultingmixture was slowly warmed rt and stirred overnight. The reaction wasquenched by addition of water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. Thecombined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. Afterfiltration and concentration, the crude was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (0-40% EtOAc/hexane) to separate thediastereomers.

(S)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(more polar): colorless oil (Int-18), 1.8 g (45%). LC-MS: 322.2 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.25-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 2H),7.06-6.97 (m, 3H), 6.92 (d, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 5.23 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 2.8 Hz),4.64 (t, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 4.23 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 3.0 Hz), 3.13 (t, 1H, J=6.6Hz), 1.60 (s, 3H), 1.19 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz).

(S)-3-((1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(less polar): white solid (Int-19), 1.8 g (45%). LC-MS: 322.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.35-7.15 (m, 10H), 5.08 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 4.6 Hz),4.56 (t, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 4.20 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 4.6 Hz), 3.13 (t, 1H, J=6.4Hz), 1.98 (t, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 1.60 (s, 3H), 1.16 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 4.8 Hz).

Synthesis of (1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-22)

To a solution of(S)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-18) (1.8 g, 5.6 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF (20 mL) and water (18 mL)was added LiOH (451 mg, 19.6 mmol, 3.5 equiv.) and 17% H₂O₂ in water(2.5 mL, 19.6 mmol, 3.5 equiv.). After 2 h, more LiOH (451 mg) and H₂O₂(2.5 mL) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for another3 h. The residue was diluted with water (20 mL), followed by theaddition of 1N HCl until pH 3-4. Then the aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄. After filtration and concentration, the crude was purified bycolumn chromatography on silica gel (0-40% eluent EtOAc/hexane) to givethe desired acid (Int-22) as a colorless oil.

Synthesis of (1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-23)

To a solution of(S)-3-((1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-19) (1.8 g, 5.6 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF (20 mL) and water (18 mL)was added LiOH (451 mg, 19.6 mmol, 3.5 equiv.) and 17% H₂O₂ in water(2.5 mL, 19.6 mmol, 3.5 equiv.). After 20 min, more water (8 mL) wasadded. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for another 2 h (TLC andLC-MS showed that starting material was consumed). The residue wasdiluted with water (20 mL), followed by the addition of 1N HCl (21 mL).Then the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organiclayers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration andconcentration, the crude was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (0-40% eluent EtOAc/hexane) to give the desired acid (Int-23) (540mg, 55%) as a colorless oil.

Synthesis of trans-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-17-2)

To a solution of trans-ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate(Int-16) (3.5 g, 17.1 mmol, 1 equiv.) in MeOH (40 mL) and water (8 mL)was added LiOH (1.02 g, 42.8 mmol, 2.5 equiv.). The resulting mixturewas stirred at rt overnight. TLC and LC-MS showed that starting materialhas been consumed. Then MeOH was carefully evaporated. The residue wasdiluted with water (40 mL), acidified with 2N HCl to pH 3-4, andextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to obtain a yellowish oil (Int-17-2)(3.2 g), which was used for the next step without further purification.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.35-7.15 (m, 5H), 1.99 (dd, 1H, J=8.0, 6.2Hz), 1.59 (s, 3H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 2H).

Synthesis of(S)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-20) and(S)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-21)

To a stirred solution oftrans-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-17-2) (2.5 g,14.2 mmol, 1 equiv.) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen wereadded 5 drops of dry DMF, followed by oxalyl chloride (2.07 mL, 24.1mmol, 1.7 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 minand then stirred at rt for 2 h. The solvent was carefully evaporated toafford the desired acid chloride.

To a stirred solution of (S)-(+)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone (2.31 g, 14.2mmol, 1 equiv.) in dry THE (50 mL) at −78° C. under N₂ was added n-BuLi(2.5 M in hexanes, 5.68 mL, 14.2 mmol, 1 equiv.) dropwise over 10 min.After stirring at −78° C. for 30 min, a solution of the above preparedacid chloride in THF (10 mL) was added over 15 min. Then the resultingmixture was slowly warmed rt and stirred overnight. The reaction wasquenched by addition of water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. Thecombined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. Afterfiltration and concentration, the crude was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (0-30% EtOAc/hexane) to separate thediastereomers.

(S)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-20) (more polar): colorless syrup, 1.7 g (34%). LC-MS: 322.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.48-7.22 (m, 10H), 5.50 (dd, 1H,J=8.6, 3.4 Hz), 4.73 (t, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 4.29 (dd, 1H, J=8.6, 3.4 Hz),3.47 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.61 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 1.37 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 4.4Hz), 1.17 (s, 3H).

(S)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-21) (less polar): white solid, 1.7 g (34%). LC-MS: 322.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.47-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.53 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz),4.75 (t, 1H, J=8.9 Hz), 4.30 (dd, 1H, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz), 3.39 (t, 1H, J=6.9Hz), 1.59 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.39 (dd, 1H, J=7.9, 4.2 Hz).

Synthesis of (1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-24)

To a solution of(S)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-20) (1.7 g, 5.3 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF (20 mL) and water (8 mL) wasadded LiOH (426 mg, 18.5 mmol, 3.5 equiv.) and 17% H₂O₂ in water (2.33mL, 18.52 mmol, 3.5 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for1 h. The residue was diluted with water (20 mL), followed by theaddition of 1N HCl (20 mL). Then the aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄.After filtration and concentration, the crude was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (0-40% EtOAc/hexane) to give the desiredacid (Int-24) (770 mg, 83%) as a colorless oil.

Synthesis of (1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-25)

To a solution of(S)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-21) (1.7 g, 5.3 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF (25 mL) an water (10 mL) wasadded LiOH (476 mg, 20.7 mmol, 3.9 equiv.) and 17% H₂O₂ in water (2.6mL, 20.7 mmol, 3.9 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for80 min and TLC and LC-MS showed that the reaction was complete. Theresidue was diluted with water (20 mL), followed by the addition of 1NHCl (23 mL). Then the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. Thecombined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. Afterfiltration and concentration, the crude was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (0-40% EtOAc/hexane) to give the desiredacid (Int-25) (560 mg, 60%) as a colorless oil.

Synthesis of (1R,2R)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-35) and (1R,2S)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-36)

Synthesis of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1-butene (Int-26)

To a solution of 16 g (44.7 mmol) of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromidein 60 mL of dry THF at −78° C. was added 17.9 mL of a 2.5 M solution ofn-BuLi in hexane (44.7 mmol) and the solution turned brown. After 30 minstirring at 0° C., 6.31 g (42.5 mmol) of 3-methyl-2-phenylbutanone in 30mL of THE were added and the solution was stirred overnight. After 20 mLof water were added and the solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×100mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent wasevaporated. The crude product was purified by silica-gel flashchromatography (hexanes as eluent) and 2.7 g (44%) of(3-methylbut-1-en-2-yl)benzene (Int-26) were obtained as colorless oil.¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ=1.11 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 6H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 5.07(m, 1H), 5.17 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.39 (m, 5H).

Synthesis of ethyl 2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate(Int-27) and (Int-28)

To a solution (3-methylbut-1-en-2-yl)benzene (Int-26) (6.3 g, 4.3 mmol,1 equiv.) and rhodium (II) acetate dimer (120 mg) in dry DCM (100 mL)was added ethyl diazoacetate (15% in toluene) (37 mL, 4.3 mmol, 1equiv.) via additional funnel over 4 h. The resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for overnight. Reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. A mixture of racemic trans- andcis-isomers were obtained and their separation was done by columnchromatography on silica gel (eluent EtOAc/Hexanes 0-10%). Afterpurification 2.03 g of cis-isomer (Int-27) (20%) and 3.2 g oftrans-isomer (Int-28) (32%) were obtained. Cis-ethyl2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (Int-27): ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ 7.28-7.17 (m, 5H), 3.89 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (dd,J=6.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.63 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.17 (m, 1H), 1.15 (t, J=4.4Hz, 3H), 1.01 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (d, J=7.2Hz, 3H).

Trans-ethyl 2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (Int-28): ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ 7.31-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.24 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),2.01-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.44 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.30(t, J=4.0 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.81 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Synthesis of cis-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-29)

To a solution of cis-ethyl2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (Int-27) (2.0 g, 8.6mmol, 1 equiv.) in MeOH (25 mL)—water (5 mL) was added LiOH (1.03 g,43.0 mmol, 5 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt overnightand then stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. TLC and LC-MS showed that startingmaterial has been consumed. After cooled to rt, MeOH was carefullyevaporated. The residue was diluted with water (40 mL), followed by theaddition of 1 N HCl (50 mL). Then the aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (100 mL×4). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄. After filtration and concentration, the product was obtained asa white solid (1.74 g, 99% g), which was used for the next step withoutfurther purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ 7.31-7.17 (m, 5H),1.88 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.60 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.30-1.22 (m, 2H), 0.99(t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.86 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H).

Synthesis of(R)-3-((1R,2R)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-31) and(R)-3-((1S,2S)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-32)

1.74 g of cis-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-29) (8.5 mmol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in dry DCM (20 mL). Thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with ice-water bath. Then 5 dropsof dry DMF was added, followed by the addition of (COCl)₂ (1.68 mL, 19.6mmol, 2.3 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 minand then stirred at rt for 2 h. The solvent was then evaporated, thendry DCM (20 ml) was added and evaporated. To a solution of(R)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (1.39 g, 8.5 mmol, 1 equiv.) in dry THE (40ml) at −78° C. under N₂ was added n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 3.4 mL, 8.5mmol, 1 equiv.) dropwise over 10 min. After stirring at −78° C. for 30min, a THF solution of the above prepared acyl chloride (10 mL THF) wasadded by syringe over 15 min. Then the resulting mixture was stirredfrom −78° C. to rt overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition ofwater (20 mL), followed by extraction with EtOAc (50 mL×3). The combinedorganic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. After filtration andconcentration, the crude was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (eluent EtOAc/Hexanes 0-20%).

(R)-3-((1R,2R)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-31): white solid, 1.3 g (44%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ7.36-7.14 (m, 10H), 5.22 (dd, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (t, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 4.27 (dd, J=8.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (dd, J=7.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 1.79(t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.19 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.04 (d, J=6.8Hz, 3H), 0.88 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); LC-MS: 350.2 (M+H)⁺.

(R)-3-((1S,2S)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-32): white solid, 1.43 g (48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ7.36-7.26 (m, 5H), 6.86-6.34 (m, 5H), 5.30 (dd, J=8.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.68(t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (dd, J=7.6, 5.6Hz, 1H), 1.77 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.49 (m, 1H), 1.23 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H),1.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); LC-MS: 350.2 (M+H)⁺.

Synthesis of (1R,2R)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-35)

To a solution of(R)-3-((1R,2R)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-31) (880 mg, 2.51 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THE (10 mL)—water (4 mL) wasadded 17% H₂O₂ in water (1.18 mL, 10.3 mmol, 4.1 equiv.) and LiOH (154mg, 3.77 mmol, 1.5 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at rtovernight (TLC and LC-MS showed that starting material has beenconsumed). The residue was diluted with water (20 mL), followed by theaddition of 1 N NaOH (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(80 mL×3), then treated with 1 N HCl (13 mL). Then the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (70 mL×3). The combined organic layers were driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and concentration, the product(Int-35) was obtained as a white solid (450 mg, 88%), which was used inthe next step without further purification.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ 7.31-7.17 (m, 5H), 1.88 (t, J=4.0 Hz,1H), 1.60 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.30-1.22 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H),0.86 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H).

Synthesis of trans-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-30)

To a solution of trans-ethyl2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (Int-28) (3.2 g, 13.8mmol, 1 equiv.) in MeOH (30 mL)—water (6 mL) was added LiOH (820 mg,34.4 mmol, 2.5 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at rtovernight. TLC and LC-MS showed starting material has been consumed.After cooled to rt, MeOH was carefully evaporated. The residue wasdiluted with water (40 mL), followed by the addition of 1 N HCl (40 mL).Then the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The combinedorganic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration andconcentration, the product (Int-30) was obtained as a white solid (2.8g, 99% g), which was used for the next step without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ 7.41-7.21 (m, 5H),2.17-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.49 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 1.43 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 0.93(d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.87 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Synthesis of(R)-3-((1R,2S)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-33)

2.8 g of crude acid (Int-30) from above step (13.7 mmol, 1 equiv.) wasdissolved in dry DCM (30 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.with ice-water bath. Then 5 drops of dry DMF was added, followed by theaddition of (COCl)₂ (2.7 mL, 31.4 mmol, 2.3 equiv.). The resultingmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 min and then stirred at rt for 2 h.The solvent was then evaporated, then dry DCM (20 ml) was added andevaporated.

To a solution of (R)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (2.37 g, 14.5 mmol, 1.06equiv.) in dry THE (55 ml) at −78° C. under N₂ was added n-BuLi (2.5 Min hexanes, 5.5 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise over 10 min. After stirring at−78° C. for 30 min, a TH solution of the above prepared acyl chloride(10 mL THF) was added by syringe over 15 min. Then the resulting mixturewas stirred from −78° C. to rt overnight. The reaction was quenched byaddition of water (20 mL), followed by extraction with EtOAc (50 mL×3).The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. Afterfiltration and concentration, the crude was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (Int-33) (eluent EtOAc/Hexanes 0-20%, lesspolar product). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm) δ 7.49-7.24 (m, 10H), 5.56(dd, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (dd, J=8.8, 4.4Hz, 1H), 3.34 (dd, J=7.2, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.63 (dd, J=5.6,4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (dd, J=7.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 0.90 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.79(d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); LC-MS: 350.2 (M+H)⁺.

Synthesis of (1R,2S)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(Int-36)

To a solution of(R)-3-((1R,2S)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one(Int-33) (880 mg, 2.51 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THE (10 mL)—water (4 mL) wasadded 17% H₂O₂ in water (1.18 mL, 10.3 mmol, 4.1 equiv.) and LiOH (154mg, 3.77 mmol, 1.5 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred at rtovernight (TLC and LC-MS showed that starting material has beenconsumed). The residue was diluted with water (20 mL), followed by theaddition of 1 N NaOH (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(80 mL×3), then treated with 1 N HCl (13 mL). Then the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (70 mL×3). The combined organic layers were driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and concentration, the productwas obtained as a white solid (Int-36) (390 mg, 76%), which was used inthe next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, ppm)δ 7.41-7.21 (m, 5H), 2.17-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.49 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 1.43 (t,J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 0.93 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.87 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Synthesis of 5-Bromo-1-tosyl-1H-indazole (Int-37)

To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-indazole (10 g, 50.8 mmol, Combi-blocks Cat#PY-7893, Lot B16473)) and DMF (50 mL), tosyl chloride (13.5 g, 71.1mmol) was added followed by sodium hydride (2.03 g, 50.8 mmol) and wasallowed to stir at 50° C. overnight. After completion of the reaction,the mixture was poured into ice cold water and was allowed to stir for30 minutes. The creamy white aqueous suspension was extracted with ethylacetate, combined organic layers were washed with saturated ammoniumchloride followed by brine, dried using sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified bypassing through silica gel and was eluted using 100% DCM to afford 17.24g (97%) of the title compound (Int-37) as creamy white shiny flakes. ¹HNMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=8.14-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.65(dd, J=1.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H).

Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanoate(Int-38)

Zinc dust (14.4 g, 4.26 mmol) was suspended in anhydrous DMF (90 mL)under argon atmosphere and trimethylsilyl chloride (4.59 mL, 36.2 mmol)was added slowly and allowed to stir for 30 minutes. The solution turnedyellow orange from colorless precipitate in 30 minutes. The mixture withthe precipitate was allowed to settle and the solution was removed witha syringe under argon atmosphere. The now activated zinc powder waswashed with DMF until no yellow-brown color was observed in thesolution. Methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate(Combiblocks, OR-1812, Batch #18260, 17 g, 51.7 mmol) dissolved in DMF(90 mL) was then added slowly to the activated zinc. The reaction isexothermic so the flask is intermittently cooled in an ice water bath.After the addition is complete the reaction was allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 40 minutes. The supernatant of this reaction was thenadded to the mixture of Int-37 (18.1 g, 51.7 mmol) in DMF (90 ml) and2^(n) Generation Xphos Precatalyst (CAS #1310584-14-5, 1.22 g, 1.55mmol,). The reaction is stirred at 50° C. overnight. Reaction was cooledto ambient temperature followed by the addition of ethyl acetate (2 L).the organic layer was washed with water (2 L), sat aq NH₄Cl (300 mL),brine (300 mL), dried using Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to affordcrude product (30 g, caramel amber residue). The crude was purified onsilica gel, eluent hexanes-EtOAc to afford the title product Int-38 (6.6g). LCMS (+ESI) M+H+=474.5. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=8.27 (s,1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H),7.50 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (dd, J=5.3,9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.25 (dd, J=5.2, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (br dd,J=9.6, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.32-1.22 (m, 9H).

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-39)

To a solution of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanoate(Int-38) (6.6 g, 13.9 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (1.5 mL), 7N ammoniain methanol (135 mL) was added at 0° C. and was allowed to stir over theweekend. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crudematerial was purified by flash chromatography using 5% methanol/DCM asgradients to obtain 4.32 g of the title compound (Int-39). ¹H NMR (600MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=8.27 (s, 1H), 8.09 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (br d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.2 Hz,2H), 4.33 (br dd, J=5.2, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (br dd, J=5.2, 13.8 Hz, 1H),2.91 (br dd, J=9.6, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 9H).

Synthesis of (S)-2-amino-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide (Int-40)

To tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-39) (4.32 g, 9.42 mmol), formic acid (14.2 mL, 377 mmol) was addedand was allowed to stir at 50° C. until no starting material wasobserved. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the pHof the residue was adjusted between 9 and 10. The aqueous layer wasextracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, followed by brine,dried using sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under reducedpressure to obtain 2.76 g of title compound (Int-40). LCMS (+ESI)M+H+=359.4. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ=8.49 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.6 Hz,1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=1.5, 8.7 Hz, 1H),7.38 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (br s, 1H), 6.95 (br s, 1H), 3.35 (br d,J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J=5.0, 13.5 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (dd, J=8.3, 13.5 Hz,1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.64 (br s, 2H).

Synthesis of(S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanamide (Int-41)

To a solution of (S)-2-amino-3-(1-tosyl-H-indazol-5-yl)propanamide(Int-40) (2.76 g, 7.70 mmol) and methanol (27.6 mL), formaldehyde (37%,1.15 mL, 15.4 mmol) and trimethylamine borane (2.25 g, 30.8 mmol) wereadded at 0° C. and was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight.After completion of the reaction, 1.25 M HCl in methanol was addedslowly with cooling and was allowed to stir for 15 minutes. The solventwas evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was re-dissolvedin methanol (this was repeated three times). To the obtained crudesaturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added and was allowed to stirand the pH was adjusted to 9 and the aqueous layer was extracted withethyl acetate. Combined organic layers were washed with brine, driedusing sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using 10%methanol/DCM as gradients to afford 2 g of title compound (Int-41). LCMS(+ESI) M+H⁺=387.4. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ=8.47 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=1.3,8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (br s, 1H), 6.87 (br s, 1H),3.22-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.00 (dd, J=8.8, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (dd, J=5.7, 13.5Hz, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 6H).

Synthesis of (S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-N2, N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine(Int-42)

To the solution of(S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanamide (Int-41)(1.94 g, 5.02 mmol) and THE (77.6 mL), LAH (1M, 25.1 mL, 25.1 mmol) wasadded at 0° C. and was warmed to room temperature and then was allowedto stir at 68° C. overnight. After completion of the reaction, themixture was cooled to 0° C. and water (25 mL), 15% NaOH solution (25 mL)and water (75 mL) were added and was warmed to room temperature andlater was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 and a half hour. Thesolids were filtered and the cake was washed with more THE and thesolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material waspurified by flash chromatography using amino column using 10%methanol/DCM as gradients to obtain 870 mg of title compound (Int-42)and 310 mg (26%) of (S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propanamideat 70% purity by ¹H NMR. LCMS (+ESI) M+H=219.4. ¹H NMR (600 MHz,METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.95 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.60 (m,1H), 2.52 (dd, J=4.2, 13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (dd, J=9.9, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.37(s, 6H).

Example B1

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-1) Step 1: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate

To a stirred suspension of zinc powder (2 g, 31 mmol) in anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) under nitrogen was added iodine (250 mg).After 5 min, a solution of methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (4.0 g, 12 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was slowly added over 10 min. Thenadditional iodine (250 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for30 min. A suspension of 4-bromo-3-chlorophenol (2.0 g, 10 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (230 mg, 0.25 mmol), and2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos, 210 mg, 0.5mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added into the zinc reagentmixture. The reaction mixture was heated at 40° C. and stirredovernight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was quenched with water,diluted with EtOAc and filtered through Celite. The filter cake waswashed with EtOAc and the filtrate was washed with brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-50% EtOAc/hexane) toafford the desired product as brown foam (2.7 g, 83%). LC-MS: 352.1[M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) (rotamers) δ 7.04 (d, 1H, J=8.3 Hz),6.86 (s, 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 5.96 (br s, 0.2H), 5.41 (s, 0.7H),5.07 (d, 0.8H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.83 (br s, 0.2H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H),3.21 (dd, 1H, J=14.0, 6.0 Hz), 3.02 (dd, 0.8H, J=13.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.80 (m,0.2H), 1.39 and 1.33 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate

A microwave tube was charged with methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(2.6 g) and 7M ammonia in methanol (20 mL). The reaction was heatedunder microwave irradiation at 100° C. for 20 h. LC-MS indicated thereaction was complete. The reaction was concentrated down to dryness toafford the desired product as a light yellow solid (2.6 g). LC-MS: 337.1[M+Na]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate(2.0 g, 6.4 mmol) in anhydrous THE (100 mL) under nitrogen was addedborane-DMS complex (6.4 mL, 64 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredovernight at room temperature and then at 60° C. for 1 h. After cooling,the reaction was carefully quenched with methanol (20 mL) and thenheated at 70° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated and purified bysilica gel column (0-20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to recover somestarting material (520 mg) and afford the desired product as a whitesolid (500 mg, 26%). LC-MS: 301.1 [M+H]; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.09 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.70-6.55 (m, 2H), 3.53 (m, 1H),2.78 (dd, 1H, J=13.8, 5.2 Hz), 1.31 and 1.18 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl((S)-1-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-24) (240mg, 1.36 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (180 mg, 1.3 mmol) in anhydrousDMF (5 mL) was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimidehydrochloride (400 mg, 2 mmol), followed by triethylamine (0.38 mL, 2.73mmol). The mixture was stirred under nitrogen at rt for 3 h and thenslowly added into an ice-cooled solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate (400 mg,1.33 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL). The reaction mixture was slowlywarmed to rt and stirred overnight. The mixture was diluted with waterand extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed withaq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel (0-80% EtOAc/hexane) to afford a white solid (420 mg,69%). LC-MS: 481.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.46 (br s, 1H),7.35-7.15 (m, 5H), 7.06 (br d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.68 (m,1H), 6.46 (br s, 1H), 5.10 and 4.95 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 3.99 (m, 1H),3.50-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 1.73 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.55-1.25 (m,14H).

Step 5: Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl((S)-1-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propan-2-yl)carbamate(420 mg) and phenol (400 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was added 4N HClsolution in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rtfor 8 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used for nextstep reaction without purification.

Step 6: Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-1)

The crude(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidefrom above was dissolved in acetonitrile (20 mL) and water (2 mL) andcooled at 0° C. 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (0.40 mL) wasadded, followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (200 mg). After 10 min,acetic acid (0.30 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at0° C. for 3 h. The reaction solution was adjusted to pH 10-11 with aq.Na₂CO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washedwith brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford the desired product aswhite foam (325 mg, 92% yield for 2 steps). LC-MS: 387.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.68 (s, 1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.24 (m, 4H), 7.18(m, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.67 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz),3.17 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s,6H), 1.92 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.15 (m, 2H).

Example B2

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-2) Step 1: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propanoate

To a stirred suspension of zinc powder (2.5 g, 38.5 mmol) in anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) under nitrogen was added iodine (200 mg).After 5 min, a solution of methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (5.0 g, 15.2 mmol)in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added slowly over 10 min. Themixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. A suspension of4-bromo-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (2.8 g, 12 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (280 mg,0.3 mmol), and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos,250 mg, 0.6 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added into thezinc reagent mixture. The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. andstirred overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was quenched withwater, diluted with EtOAc and filtered through Celite. The filter cakewas washed with EtOAc and the filtrate was washed with brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-80% EtOAc/hexane) toafford the desired product as a beige solid (4.0 g, 94%). LC-MS: 377.1[M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.04 (t, 1H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H,J=8.0 Hz), 6.91 (d, 1H, J=12.8 Hz), 6.70 (m, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H, J=8.0Hz), 4.60 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.18 (dd, 1H, J=13.8, 5.4 Hz), 3.07 (m,1H), 3.03 (d, 3H, J=4.6 Hz), 1.43 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propanoate(4.0 g, 11.3 mmol) in THE (80 mL) was added lithium borohydride (435 mg,20 mmol). The reaction mixture was cooled at 0° C. and methanol (4 mL)was slowly added. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt andstirred for 2 h. LC-MS indicated the completion of the reaction. Thereaction was carefully quenched with methanol (10 mL) and neutralizedwith 2N aq. HCl. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure andthe residue was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed withbrine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to affordthe desired product as a beige solid (3.8 g, 100%). LC-MS: 349.2 [M+Na]⁺

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(650 mg, 2.0 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (630 mg, 2.4 mmol) inanhydrous THE (20 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen was addeddiisopropylethylamine (0.35 mL, 2.0 mmol), followed by slow addition ofdiisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.47 mL, 2.4 mmol). The reaction mixturewas slowly warmed to rt and stirred for 5 h. A second batch oftriphenylphosphine (685 mg, 2.6 mmol) was added slowly over 20 min. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h, and then water (0.36 mL, 20mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. for 18 h andthen concentrated. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) toafford the desired product as a white solid (270 mg, 42%). LC-MS: 326.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.03 (t, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.09 (d, 1H,J=8.0 Hz), 6.98 (d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 6.72 (br s, 1H), 4.72 (br s, 1H),3.79 (br s, 1H), 3.03 (d, 3H, J=4.5 Hz), 2.95-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.65 (dd,1H, J=13.0, 6.5 Hz), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl((S)-1-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(70 mg, 0.22 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) was added2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (60 mg, 0.22 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt and then concentratedin vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford the desired product as awhite solid (60 mg, 57%). LC-MS: 506.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 8.05 (t, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.35-7.15 (m, 5H), 7.11 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz),7.00 (d, 1H, J=13.0 Hz), 6.71 (m, 1H), 6.10 (br s, 1H), 4.81 (br d, 1H),3.96 (br s, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.02 (d, 3H, J=4.8 Hz), 2.95-2.75(m, 2H), 1.69 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 6.0 Hz), 1.49 (s, 4H), 1.39 (s, 10H).

Step 5: Synthesis of4-((S)-2-amino-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamideHCl salt

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl((S)-1-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propan-2-yl)carbamate(60 mg, 0.12 mmol) and phenol (60 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was added 4NHCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirredovernight and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was used for nextstep reaction without purification.

Step 6: Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-2)

To a stirred solution of the crude4-((S)-2-amino-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamidefrom above in acetonitrile (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was added 37%aqueous solution of formaldehyde (0.046 mL, 0.58 mmol), followed bytrimethyl orthoformate (0.10 mL, 0.93 mmol). After 15 min, sodiumcyanoborohydride (25 mg, 0.35 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc, washedwith aq. Na₂CO₃ and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel (0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford thedesired product as white foam (38 mg, 74% yield for 2 steps). LC-MS:412.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.16 (br s, 1H), 8.02 (br t,1H), 7.54 (t, 1H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.35-7.08 (m, 7H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m,1H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.75 (d, 3H, J=4.2 Hz), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s,6H), 1.92 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.35-1.18 (m, 2H).

Example B3

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-3)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to the procedure reported for Example B1 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide and(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-24) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 380.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.98 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.33-7.23(m, 7H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 3.19 (m, 1H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H),2.26 (s, 6H), 1.91 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.28-1.18 (m, 2H).

Example B4

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-4)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to the procedure reported for Example B1 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide and(1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-23) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 380.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.89 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.68 (m, 3H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.05 (m, 7H), 3.00(m, 1H), 2.85-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.42 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 7.2 Hz),2.20 (s, 6H), 1.86 (t, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.47 (t, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 1.33 (s,3H), 0.94 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 4.0 Hz).

Example B5

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-5)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino) propyl)benzamide and(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-22) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 380.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.89 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.05 (m, 7H),3.00-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.38 (dd, 1H, J=13.2, 6.6 Hz),2.21 (s, 6H), 1.87 (t, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.47 (t, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 1.33 (s,3H), 0.94 (dd, 1H, J=7.7, 4.0 Hz).

Example B6

Synthesis of3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-6)

3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to the procedure reported for example B1 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chlorobenzamide and(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-24) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 414.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.04 (s, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.47 (br s, 1H),7.44 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.35-7.15 (m, 5H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 1H),3.00-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.90 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz),1.36 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.15 (m, 2H).

Example B7

Synthesis of3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-7)

3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to the procedure reported for example B1 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chlorobenzamide and(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-22) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 414.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.02 (s, 1H), 7.88-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.45 (s, 1H),7.34 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.20-7.03 (m, 5H), 3.05-2.70 (m, 4H), 2.25 (s,6H), 1.86 (t, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 1.45 (t, 1H, J=4.3 Hz), 1.32 (s, 3H), 0.94(m, 1H).

Example B8

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound B-8) Step 1: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate

To a stirred suspension of zinc powder (2.1 g, 32.3 mmol) in anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) under nitrogen was added iodine (170 mg).After 5 min, a solution of methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (4.2 g, 12.8 mmol)in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added slowly over 10 min. Themixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. A suspension of4-bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzonitrile (2.5 g, 12 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (205 mg,0.22 mmol), and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos,210 mg, 0.51 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added into thezinc reagent mixture. The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. andstirred overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was quenched withwater, diluted with EtOAc and filtered through Celite. The filter cakewas washed with EtOAc and the filtrate was washed with brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-20% EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) toafford the desired product as a white solid (2.0 g, 50%). LC-MS: 355.2[M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.30 (s, 2H), 5.13 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz),4.56 (q, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 6H),1.35 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate(2.0 g, 6.0 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) was added sodium borohydride (0.8g, 21 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. for 3 h and LC-MSindicated the completion of the reaction. The reaction was carefullyquenched with 2N aq. HCl and adjusted to pH 5-6. The volatiles wereremoved under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with EtOAc.The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford thedesired product as a white solid (1.1 g, 60%). LC-MS: 327.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.30 (s, 2H), 4.87 (br s, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.70(m, 1H), 3.55 (dt, 1H, J=10.7, 4.4 Hz), 3.05-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 6H),2.09 (br s, 1H), 1.37 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate (1.1g, 3.6 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was added 6N aq. NaOH (0.55 mL, 3.3mmol), followed by 27% aq. Solution of hydrogen peroxide (1.45 mL, 11.5mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 h. Aftercooling, the mixture was neutralized with 1N aq. HCl. Removal ofmethanol under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted withEtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated to afford the desired product as awhite solid (0.95 g, 82%). LC-MS: 345.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 7.45 (s, 2H), 6.20 (br s, 1H), 5.60 (br s, 1H), 4.87 (d, 1H, J=8.5Hz), 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.69 (dd, 1H, J=10.5, 3.5 Hz), 3.55 (dd, 1H, J=10.7,4.6 Hz), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 7H), 1.38 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(0.95 g, 2.9 mmol), phthalimide (0.50 g, 3.4 mmol), andtriphenylphosphine (0.90 g, 3.4 mmol) in anhydrous THE (50 mL) at 0° C.under nitrogen was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.70 mL, 3.4mmol) over 20 min. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt andstirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated and the residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-100%EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product as a white solid (1.15 g,86%). LC-MS: 474.2 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.93-7.75 (m,5H), 7.50 (s, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.93 and 6.52 (d, 1H, J=10.0 Hz), 4.07(m, 1H), 3.76 (t, 1H, J=12.0 Hz), 3.46 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.35(s, 6H), 1.08 and 0.88 (s, 9H).

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide

To a stirred solution of(S)-(1-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(0.6 g, 1.3 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (80 mL) and 2,6-lutidine (0.93 mL,8.0 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen was slowly added TMSOTf (0.72 mL, 4.0mmol). The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to rt and stirredovernight. Additional TMSOTf (0.3 mL) was added and the reaction wasstirred for additional 3 h. The reaction was quenched with water,adjusted to pH 9-10 with aq. Sodium bicarbonate, and extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (2×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-10%MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product as a white foam (410 mg,88%). LC-MS: 352.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.86 (d, 2H, J=3.6Hz), 7.74 (d, 2H, J=3.8 Hz), 7.46 (s, 2H), 6.03 (br s, 1H), 5.52 (br s,1H), 3.75 (d, 2H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.47 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s,6H).

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(410 mg, 1.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was added37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (0.46 mL, 5.8 mmol), followed bytrimethyl orthoformate (1.0 mL, 9.3 mmol). After 15 min, sodiumcyanoborohydride (225 mg, 3.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with aq. NaHCO₃and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product as a white solid (300mg, 68%). LC-MS: 380.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.78 (dd, 2H,J=5.5, 3.0 Hz), 7.68 (dd, 2H, J=5.5, 3.0 Hz), 7.46 (s, 2H), 6.10 (br s,1H), 5.55 (br s, 1H), 3.91 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 10.5 Hz), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.24(dd, 1H, J=13.6, 4.5 Hz), 2.99 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 4.8 Hz), 2.73 (dd, 1H,J=13.6, 10.0 Hz), 2.42 (s, 6H), 2.40 (s 6H).

Step 7: Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide

A mixture of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(300 mg, 0.79 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and hydrazine monohydrate (0.20mL, 4 mmol) was stirred at 70° C. for 5 h. After cooling, the mixturewas filtered to remove the solids. The filtrate was concentrated andpurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-20%MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) to afford the desired product as a whitesolid (175 mg, 89%). LC-MS: 250.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.43(s, 2H), 6.00 (br s, 1H), 5.50 (br s, 1H), 2.91 (dd, 1H, J=13.2, 2.5Hz), 2.78-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 6H), 2.37 (s, 6H),2.35 (m, 1H).

Step 8: Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound B-8)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamidewas synthesized according to the procedure in Example B1 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide and(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-24) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 408.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.99 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.35-7.15 (m, 6H),3.25 (m, 1H), 2.93 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.55 (dd, 1H, J=15.2, 9.8Hz), 2.33 and 2.32 (s, 12H), 1.89 (t, 1H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.35 (s, 3H),1.25-1.15 (m, 2H).

Example B9

Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide(Compound B-9)

Step 1: Synthesis of phenyl-D-proline

A microwave tube was charged under nitrogen with iodobenzene (810 mg, 4mmol), D-proline (460 mg, 4 mmol), K₂CO₃ (560 mg), n-Bu₄NI (250 mg), CuI(40 mg), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (230 mg), TEA (1.6 mL), DMF (8 mL), and water (0.8mL). The reaction was heated under microwave irradiation at 120° C. for1 h. The mixture was diluted with water, adjusted to pH 2-3 with 2N aq.HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washedwith brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford the desired product as a brown oil (200mg). LC-MS: 192.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.26 (t, 2H, J=7.6Hz), 6.79 (t, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.61 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.20 (dd, 1H,J=8.8, 2.4 Hz), 3.63 (m, 1H), 3.32 (q, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 2.40-2.20 (m, 2H),2.20-1.90 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1-phenlpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide(Compound B-9)

(R)—N—((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamidewas synthesized according to the procedure in example B1 usingphenyl-D-proline and (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)-propyl)benzamideas the starting materials. LC-MS: 395.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.63 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz),7.28 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.14 (t, 2H, J=7.8 Hz), 6.63 (t,1H, J=7.2 Hz), 6.48 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 3.90 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 3.53 (m,1H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.44 (dd, 1H,J=13.2, 6.8 Hz), 2.16 (s, 7H), 2.00-1.85 (m, 3H).

Example B10

Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide(Compound B-10)

Compound B-10 was synthesized according to the procedure in Example B9using phenyl-L-proline. LC-MS: 395.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.68 (br t, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H),7.21 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.14 (t, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.62 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz),6.49 (d, 2H, J=8.0 Hz), 3.90 (d, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 3.51 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.05(m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.18 (s, 7H),1.95-1.85 (m, 3H).

Example B11

Synthesis of(1S,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-11)

(1S,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol and(1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-23) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 353.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.12 (s, 1H), 7.61 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 7.20-7.05 (m, 5H), 6.91 (d, 2H,J=8.4 Hz), 6.63 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.62 (dd,1H, J=13.6, 5.2 Hz), 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.20 (s, 6H), 1.87 (dd, 1H, J=7.6,5.6 Hz), 1.45 (t, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 1.32 (s, 3H), 0.93 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 4.0Hz).

Example B12

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-12)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-12) was synthesized according to the procedure for(S)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-N2,N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride(Int-5) using (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol and(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Int-22) as thestarting materials. LC-MS: 353.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.12 (s, 1H), 7.67 (t, 1H, J=5.0 Hz), 7.20-7.05 (m, 5H), 6.90 (d, 2H,J=8.2 Hz), 6.62 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 2.93-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.50 (m, 2H),2.20 (s, 7H), 1.87 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 5.6 Hz), 1.45 (t, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 1.32(s, 3H), 0.94 (dd, 1H, J=7.8, 4.0 Hz).

Example B13

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-13)

(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-13) was synthesized according to the procedure for(S)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-N2,N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine dihydrochlorideusing 4-iodo-3,5-dimethylphenol as the starting material. LC-MS: 381.3[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 7.87 (br t, 1H),7.33-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.39 (s, 2H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 2.90 (m,1H), 2.80-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.39 (dd, 1H, J=13.4, 8.5 Hz), 2.31 (s, 6H),2.19 (s, 6H), 1.90 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.15 (m, 2H).

Example B14

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-3-(2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-14)

(1R,2R)—N—((S)-3-(2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to the procedure for(S)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-N2,N2-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine dihydrochlorideusing 4-bromo-3,5-difluorophenol as the starting material. LC-MS: 389.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.15 (s, 1H), 8.02 (br s, 1H),7.34-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 6.41 (d, 2H, J=8.9 Hz), 3.15 (m, 1H),3.05 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.39 (dd, 1H, J=13.5, 7.6 Hz), 2.25 (s,6H), 1.91 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.28-1.15 (m, 2H).

Example B15

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-15)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chlorophenol (Int-2H) and(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 387.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.65 (s,1H), 7.72 (t, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 7.20-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.02 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz),6.74 (s, 1H), 6.62 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.60 (m,2H), 2.32 (dd, 1H, J=13.2, 8.2 Hz), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.87 (t, 1H, J=6.5Hz), 1.44 (t, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 1.31 (s, 3H), 0.93 (dd, 1H, J=7.2, 4.0 Hz).

Example B16

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—(((S)-6-hydroxyindolin-2-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-16) Step 1: Synthesis of 1-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl(S)-6-hydroxyindoline-1,2-dicarboxylate

To a stirred suspension of zinc powder (3 g, 46 mmol) in anhydrousN,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL) under nitrogen was added iodine (400 mg).After 5 min, a solution of methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (5.0 g, 15.2 mmol)in N,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL) was added slowly over 10 min. Themixture was heated at 50° C. for 30 min, and then a suspension of4-bromo-3-chlorophenol (3.0 g, 15 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (750 mg), and2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (Sphos, 675 mg) inN,N-dimethylacetamide (10 mL) was added into the zinc reagent mixture.The reaction mixture was heated at 95° C. and stirred overnight. Aftercooling, the reaction mixture was quenched with water, diluted withEtOAc and filtered through Celite. The filter cake was washed with EtOAcand the filtrate was washed with 1N aq. HCl and brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-50% EtOAc/hexane) toisolate 1-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl (S)-6-hydroxyindoline-1,2-dicarboxylateas a light brown solid (1.1 g, 25%) and methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoateas a light brown foam (2 g, contaminated with some des-chloro sideproduct). 1-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl(S)-6-hydroxyindoline-1,2-dicarboxylate: LC-MS: 316.1 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) (rotamers) δ 7.47 (s, 0.75H), 7.02 (br s, 0.25H), 6.94(d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.45 (m, 1H), 5.14 (s, 0.75H), 5.00-4.80 (m, 1.25H),3.75 (s, 3H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.02 (d, 1H, J=11.6 Hz), 1.61 and 1.49 (s,9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-2-carbamoyl-6-hydroxyindoline-1-carboxylate

A microwave tube was charged with 1-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl(S)-6-hydroxyindoline-1,2-dicarboxylate (500 mg) and 7M ammonia inmethanol (20 mL). The reaction was heated under microwave irradiation at100° C. for 24 h. The reaction was concentrated and purified by silicagel column (0-50% EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) to recover some starting material (250mg) and afford the desired product as off-white foam (200 mg, 42%).LC-MS: 301.1 [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.97 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz),6.48 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 5.68 (br s, 1H), 5.46 (br s, 1H), 4.84 (br s,1H), 3.43 (br s, 1H), 3.15 (br s, 1H), 1.55 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Synthesis of (S)-2-(aminomethyl)indolin-6-ol

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-2-carbamoyl-6-hydroxyindoline-1-carboxylate (230 mg, 0.83 mmol) inanhydrous THE (10 mL) under nitrogen was added borane-DMS complex (2Msolution in THF, 5 mL, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70°C. overnight. After cooling, the reaction was carefully quenched withmethanol (10 mL) and then heated at 70° C. for 2 h. The mixture wasconcentrated and purified by silica gel column (0-20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with5% ammonia) to isolate the products.

Step 4: Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—(((S)-6-hydroxyindolin-2-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-16)

To a stirred solution of (S)-2-(aminomethyl)indolin-6-ol (15 mg) inanhydrous DMF (1 mL) was added 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (20 mg). Thereaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt and then concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (0-5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ with 5% ammonia) and further purified byprep HPLC (20-100% MeCN/water-0.1% TFA) to afford the desired product(Compound B-16) as a light yellow foam (10 mg). LC-MS: 323.2 [M+H]; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, methanol-d₄) δ 7.32-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d,1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.14 (s, 2H), 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.02 (dd,1H, J=15.0, 9.1 Hz), 2.69 (dd, 1H, J=15.2, 6.1 Hz), 1.88 (t, 1H, J=6.8Hz), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 2H).

Example B17

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-17)

(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol dihydrochloride salt (30mg, 0.11 mmol), (1R,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(AstaTech, W13292, Lot #P135-06619, 19 mg, 0.11 mmol), and(benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris-(dimethylamino)phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (BOP, 60 mg, 0.13 mmol) were suspended in DCM (3mL), DIPEA (78 μL, 0.45 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred ina sealed vial overnight at ambient temperature until reaction completion(LCMS). The mixture was concentrated, chased with heptane (×3), and theresidue purified by silica gel chromatography, eluent DCM-MeOH 100:0 to90:10 to afford 34 mg (90%) of the title product as a clear oil.Analytical sample (5.2 mg) was prepared by additional chromatography,collecting fractions with >95% HPLC purity. LC-MS (ESI+), m/z 339.5(M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.26 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (d,J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.32-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.36 (m, 7H),2.36-2.28 (m, 1H), 1.84 (ddd, J=4.2, 5.2, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (ddd, J=4.4,5.1, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.22 (ddd, J=4.7, 6.4, 8.2 Hz, 1H).

Example B18

Synthesis of(1S,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-18)

Compound B-18 was prepared according to the procedure described inExample B17, using (1S,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(AstaTech, F12973, Lot #P135-06597), in 68% yield. LC-MS (ESI+), m/z339.5 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),7.15 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=1.2, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 6.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.28-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.82 (m, 2H),2.40-2.34 (m, 7H), 2.34-2.27 (m, 1H), 1.81 (ddd, J=4.3, 5.2, 8.4 Hz,1H), 1.42 (td, J=4.7, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.18 (ddd, J=4.3, 6.3, 8.4 Hz, 1H).

Example B19

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-19))

The compound was prepared by the same procedure above using(S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-N²,N²-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine (nrr-249-1,140 mg, 513 μmol), and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (PD-14-56, 147 mg,539 μmol) to afford 138 mg (71%) of title compound. LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=377.5. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.95 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H),7.45 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.05(m, 1H), 3.11-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.96 (dd, J=5.0, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (tt,J=5.4, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (dd, J=8.8, 13.9 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.82(dd, J=5.5, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 1.62 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 1.40-1.36 (m, 3H), 1.00(dd, J=4.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H).

Example B20

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-20)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure as above,starting with (S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-N²,N²-dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine(140 mg, 641 μmol) and(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (PD-14-51, 113mg, 641 μmol) to afford 120 mg (50%) of title compound. LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=377.6. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=10.52 (br s, 1H), 7.99 (d,J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.28 (m, 2H),7.24-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=1.5, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.42(br s, 1H), 3.46 (ddd, J=4.8, 6.5, 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.05 (m, 2H),2.89-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.46 (dd, J=10.1, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.40-2.37 (m, 6H),1.68 (dd, J=5.9, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.47 (m, 1H), 1.36 (dd,J=4.8, 8.5 Hz, 1H).

Example B21

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-ethyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-21)

2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-ethyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate was synthesized byfollowing the procedure used for the synthesis of Int-36 by substitutingpropiophenone for 3-methyl-2-phenylbutanone. To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (80 mg, 0.31 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1 mL) was added2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-ethyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (95 mg, 0.33 mmol)and diisopropylethylamine (61 μL, 0.35 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred overnight at rt and then quenched by adding water. The productwas extracted into dichloromethane, dried and then the concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product as a white solid (90mg, 68%). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 426.2 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm8.01 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H) 7.16-7.31 (m, 5H) 7.06 (dd, J=8.07, 1.47 Hz, 1H)6.93 (dd, J=12.84, 1.34 Hz, 1H) 6.63-6.78 (m, 1H) 6.36 (br d, J=5.38 Hz,1H) 3.41 (ddd, J=13.51, 6.66, 4.77 Hz, 1H) 2.97-3.06 (m, 5H) 2.81-2.89(m, 1H) 2.31-2.45 (m, 7H) 1.77-1.90 (m, 2H) 1.68 (dd, J=8.31, 5.87 Hz,1H) 1.38 (dd, J=5.62, 4.65 Hz, 1H) 1.26 (dd, J=8.31, 4.40 Hz, 1H) 0.75(t, J=7.46 Hz, 3H).

Example B22

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-22)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme B2, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (0.079 g) and(1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (0.055) toafford the title compound (0.058 g). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=412.2; H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.69 (t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.31 (m, 4H),7.07-7.19 (m, 3H), 4.53 (br s, 1H), 3.30-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.94-3.04 (m,2H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.54-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 6H), 1.82 (dd, J=8.44,5.99 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.34 (dd, J=5.87, 4.89 Hz, 1H), 1.27 (dd,J=8.44, 4.52 Hz, 1H).

Example B23

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-N-ethyl-2-fluorobenzamide(Compound B-23)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N-ethyl-2-fluorobenzamide (40mg, 0.15 mmol) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (43 mg, 0.16 mmol)to afford the title compound (33 mg, 51%). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 426.3 (M+H)⁺.¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.87-7.96 (m, 2H) 7.13-7.34 (m, 8H) 6.75(dt, J=10.88, 5.56 Hz, 1H) 3.92 (br s, 1H) 3.76 (dt, J=15.04, 7.40 Hz,1H) 3.36-3.50 (m, 4H) 2.84-2.94 (m, 7H) 1.86-2.13 (m, 2H) 1.36-1.46 (m,4H) 1.18-1.31 (m, 5H).

Example B24

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound 24)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B1above, starting with 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-fluorophenol to afford the titlecompound (0.079 g). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 405.2 (M+H+). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.09-7.24 (m, 5H), 6.91 (t, J=1.83 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (dd,J=11.37, 2.08 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (br s, 1H), 2.97-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.74 (m,2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 2.23-2.28 (m, 1H), 1.85 (dd, J=7.83, 5.62 Hz, 1H),1.67 (t, J=5.14 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.04 (dd, J=7.83, 4.65 Hz, 1H)

Example B25

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-25)

The title compound was prepared according Scheme B2, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol (0.141 g) and(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Wuxi AppTec, LN01817094)(0.086 g) to afford the title compound (0.051 g). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 339.2(M+H⁺). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.07-7.21 (m, 5H), 6.88-6.94(m, 2H), 6.65-6.70 (m, 2H), 2.93-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.69 (dd, J=13.82, 5.01Hz, 1H), 2.58 (tt, J=8.22, 5.35 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.23 (s,6H), 2.17-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.97-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.57 (dt, J=7.09, 5.38 Hz,1H), 1.17-1.26 (m, 1H).

Example B26

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound B-26)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme B2, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N,5-dimethylbenzamide(0.0720 g) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.0735 g) to affordthe title compound (0.0980 g). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 426.2 (M+H+). ¹H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.55 (br d, J=7.34 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (br s, 4H),7.16 (br s, 1H), 7.05 (br d, J=12.23 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (br d, J=13.69 Hz,1H), 3.24 (br dd, J=14.18, 4.65 Hz, 1H), 2.94-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.91 (br s,3H), 2.61 (br dd, J=12.72, 8.80 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 6H), 2.35 (s, 3H),1.86 (br t, J=6.73 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.34 (br d, J=4.40 Hz, 1H),1.29 (br d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H).

Example B27

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2,6-difluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-27)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme B2, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,6-difluoro-N-methylbenzamide(0.0812 g) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.0818 g) to affordthe title compound (0.119 g). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 430.2 (M+H+). 1H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.07-7.27 (m, 5H), 6.83 (d, J=8.56 Hz, 2H), 4.53(br s, 1H), 2.96-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.68-2.81 (m, 2H),2.34-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 6H), 1.86 (dd, J=7.83, 5.62 Hz, 1H), 1.68(t, J=5.01 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.05 (dd, J=7.95, 4.77 Hz, 1H).

Example B28

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2,5-difluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-28)

The compound was prepared by the same procedure above using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,5-difluoro-N-methylbenzamideand 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as startingmaterials. LC-MS: 430.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.23 (br s,1H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.07 (m, 6H), 3.01-2.89 (m, 2H),2.77 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 3H), 2.68 (m, 2H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 1.87(dd, J=7.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 1.51 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 0.96 (dd, J=7.7,4.0 Hz, 1H).

Example B29

Synthesis ofN-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-4-((S)-2-(methyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-29)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(methyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino)propyl)-N-cyclopropyl-2-fluorobenzamide(0.0273 g, 0.0786 mmole) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.024 g, 0.0786mmole) to afford the title compound (0.0111 g, 28%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H⁺:506.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.23 (br d, J=3.18 Hz, 1H) 7.75(t, J=5.38 Hz, 1H) 7.45 (t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H) 7.14-7.22 (m, 4H) 7.02-7.14(m, 3H) 3.13-3.29 (m, 2H) 2.97-3.05 (m, 1H) 2.87-2.96 (m, 1H) 2.76-2.87(m, 2H) 2.58-2.66 (m, 1H) 2.32 (s, 3H) 1.84 (dd, J=7.83, 5.62 Hz, 1H)1.53 (t, J=4.77 Hz, 1H) 1.35 (s, 3H) 0.99 (dd, J=7.95, 4.04 Hz, 1H)0.64-0.72 (m, 2H) 0.50-0.57 (m, 2H)

Example B30

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-30)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluorophenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 371.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.04-7.21 (m,5H), 6.47-6.64 (m, 3H), 3.58-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.76(m, 3H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 2.06-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.60(m, 1H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 0.99-1.03 (m, 1H).

Example B31

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-31)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-fluorophenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 371.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.27-7.31 (m,2H), 7.12-7.24 (m, 3H), 6.76-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.28-6.46 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.40(m, 1H), 2.98-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 6H), 2.32-2.41(bs, 1H), 1.91-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.08-1.12(m, 1H).

Example B32

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-32)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme B2, starting with(S)-6-(3-amino-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)propyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-oneand 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate to provide the titlecompound (0.021 g). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 434.2 (M+H⁺). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ ppm 11.65 (d, J=1.47 Hz, 1H), 9.73 (br s, 1H), 8.33-8.43 (m,1H), 7.05-7.26 (m, 8H) 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.21 (m,3H), 2.69-3.02 (m, 4H), 2.52-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.33 (dt, J=3.73, 1.93 Hz,1H), 1.85 (td, J=8.13, 5.50 Hz, 1H), 1.56-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.37 (d, J=3.67Hz, 3H), 1.00-1.06 (m, 1H), 0.52-0.69 (m, 2H), 0.22-0.51 (m, 2H).

Example B33

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide(Compound B-33)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide (0.100g) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.104 g) to affordthe title compound (0.081 g). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H. 422.3; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.25 (br d, J=4.16 Hz, 1H) 7.76 (br t, J=4.77 Hz, 1H)7.39 (s, 2H) 7.07-7.23 (m, 5H) 2.90-2.99 (m, 1H) 2.63-2.81 (m, 6H) 2.32(s, 6H) 2.25 (s, 6H) 1.86 (t, J=6.48 Hz, 1H) 1.43 (br t, J=3.91 Hz, 1H)1.32 (s, 3H) 0.94 (dd, J=7.34, 3.42 Hz, 1H)

Example B34

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-N-ethyl-2-fluorobenzamide(Compound B-34)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N-ethyl-2-fluorobenzamide (65mg, 0.24 mmol) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (75 mg, 0.27 mmol)to afford the title compound (72 mg, 70%). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 426.2 (M+H)⁺.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.96 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H) 7.15-7.29 (m, 6H)6.94 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H) 6.79 (d, J=12.72 Hz, 1H) 6.57-6.71 (m, 1H) 5.84(br d, J=6.60 Hz, 1H) 3.46-3.55 (m, 2H) 3.09-3.19 (m, 1H) 2.79-2.87 (m,1H) 2.53-2.66 (m, 2H) 2.09-2.24 (m, 7H) 1.70-1.78 (m, 1H) 1.54-1.66 (m,1H) 1.43 (s, 3H) 1.25 (t, J=7.21 Hz, 3H) 1.08 (dd, J=7.95, 5.01 Hz, 1H)

Example B35

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-isopropylbenzamide(Compound B-35)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with 75 mg of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-isopropylbenzamideand 74 mg of 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate to afford the titlecompound (90 g). LC-MS: (+ESI) m/z 440.3 (MW+H); ¹H NMR (400 MHz,MeOH-d₄) δ 7.56 (t, J=7.70 Hz, 1H), 6.98-7.24 (m, 7H), 4.14-4.22 (m,1H), 3.04 (d, J=6.11 Hz, 2H), 2.78-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.32(s, 6H), 1.83-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.68 (t, J=5.01 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.24(d, J=6.60 Hz, 6H), 1.05 (dd, J=7.70 Hz, J=4.77 Hz, 1H).

Example B36

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-36)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with 75 mg of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol and 74 mg of2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate to afford the titlecompound (46 mg). LC-MS: (+ESI) m/z 381.2 (MW+H); ¹H NMR (400 MHz,MeOH-d₄) δ 7.07-7.23 (m, 5H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 3.02 (br, s, 2H), 2.70-2.78(m, 2H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.85 (m,1H), 1.65-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.02-1.07 (m,1H).

Example B37

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-37)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)phenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 379.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.24 (d, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H),6.51 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.85-3.0 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.70 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.81(m, 2H), 1.46-1.62 (m, 5H), 1.57-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.18-1.20 (m, 1H),1.02-1.06 (m, 1H).

Example B38

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N,5-dimethylbenzamide(Compound B-38)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme B2, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N,5-dimethylbenzamide(0.0900 g) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.0920 g) to affordthe title compound (0.0320 g). LCMS (+ESI) m/z 426.3 (M+H+). H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.60 (d, J=7.58 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.28 (m, 6H),3.43-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.93 (s, 6H), 2.72-2.89 (m, 4H),2.33 (s, 3H), 1.89 (dd, J=7.83, 5.38 Hz, 1H), 1.76 (t, J=5.01 Hz, 1H),1.44 (s, 3H), 1.12 (dd, J=7.83, 4.65 Hz, 1H).

Example B39

Synthesis ofN-cyclopropyl-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide(Compound B-39)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (0.07 g) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.0685 g) to affordthe title compound (0.0652 g). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H. 438.3; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.30 (br d, J=3.67 Hz, 1H) 7.77-7.86 (m, 1H) 7.43 (br t,J=7.83 Hz, 1H) 7.13-7.21 (m, 4H) 7.07-7.12 (m, 1H) 6.99-7.06 (m, 2H)2.92 (br d, J=4.16 Hz, 2H) 2.78-2.87 (m, 1H) 2.62-2.74 (m, 2H) 2.36-2.44(m, 1H) 2.21 (br s, 6H) 1.88 (t, J=6.60 Hz, 1H) 1.49 (br t, J=4.04 Hz,1H) 1.34 (s, 3H) 0.96 (br dd, J=7.70, 3.79 Hz, 1H) 0.68 (q, J=6.03 Hz,2H) 0.48-0.55 (m, 2H)

Example B40

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-40)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B1above, starting with 45 mg of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidehydrochloride and 8.8 mg of cyclopropylaldehyde and 37% formaldehyde (20mg) to afford the title compound (11 mg). LC-MS: (+ESI) m/z 407.3(MW+H); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₄) δ 6.94-7.08 (m, 5H), 6.68 (s, 1H),6.61 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (s, 3H),2.82-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.56 (dd, J=13.45 Hz, 3.91 Hz,1H), 2.20-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.00-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H),1.68 (dd, J=7.70 Hz, J=5.75 Hz, 1H), 1.38-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.25 (s, 3H),1.14 (s, 1H), 0.81-0.97 (m, 1H), 0.60-0.78 (m, 2H), 0.34-0.43 (m, 2H),0.05-0.03 (m, 2H).

Example B41

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(diethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-41)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B1above, starting with 45 mg of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidehydrochloride and acetaldehyde (15 mg) to afford the title compound (25mg). LC-MS: (+ESI) m/z 395.2 (MW+H); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₄) δ7.08-7.25 (m, 5H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.76 (br d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H), 6.61-6.66(m, 1H), 2.82-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.56-2.73 (m, 3H) 2.48 (dq, J=13.08 Hz, 6.48Hz, 2H) 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 1H), 1.72-1.86 (m, 1 H), 1.52-1.66(m, 1H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.12-1.37 (m, 1H), 0.97-1.07 (m, 7H), 0.74-0.94(m, 1H).

Example B42

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-42)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B1above, starting with 50 mg of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidehydrochloride and 37% formaldehyde (46 mg) to afford the title compound(30 mg). LC-MS: (+ESI) m/z 367.2 (MW+H); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₄) δ7.09-7.24 (m, 5H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d,J=8.07 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (s, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=6.36 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.79 (m, 2H)2.30 (s, 6H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.83 (dd, J=7.83 Hz,J=5.62 Hz, 1H), 1.62 (t, J=5.01 Hz, 1H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.15-1.34 (m,1H), 0.96-1.14 (m, 1H), 0.83-0.94 (m, 1H).

Example B43

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(2H-indazol-5-yl)-2-morpholinopropyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-43)

Step 1: Synthesis of(S)-2-amino-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide

A solution of benzyl (S)-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate (1.48 g, 3.04mmole) in EtOH (30 mL) was hydrogenated at RT with 10% Pd/C (0.16 g,0.15 mmole) for 48 h. The catalyst was filtered off through a pad ofCelite. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness to give(S)-2-amino-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide(1.01 g, 92%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 369.1.

Step 2: Synthesis of (S)-2-morpholino-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide

A mixture of(S)-2-amino-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide(1.01 g, 2.74 mmole), NaHCO₃ (1.15 g, 13.7 mmole), and1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (0.96 g, 4.11 mmole) in DMF (12 mL) washeated at 80° C. in 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, quenched withsaturated aqueous NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedextracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, and purified by ISCO (5%MeOH/DCM) to give(S)-2-morpholino-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide(1.2 g, 86%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 439.1.

Step 3: Synthesis of (S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-morpholinopropan-1-amine

To a stirred solution of(S)-2-morpholino-3-(1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)propenamide(1.4 g, 3.19 mmole) in THE (30 mL) at 0° C. was added 1M LAH (9.5 mL,9.58 mmole) dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. in 16 h.The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath and slowly added asaturated solution of Rochelle's salt and stirred for 2 h, extractedwith DCM (3×). The combined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-25% MeOH/DCM in 1% NH₄OH) to give(S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-morpholinopropan-1-amine (0.185 g, 22%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 261.1.

Step 4: Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-morpholinopropyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide

A mixture of (S)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-morpholinopropan-1-amine (0.0572g, 0.219 mmole), 2,5-dioxocyclopentyl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.06 g, 0.219mmole), and DIEA (50 □mL, 0.263 mmole) in MeCN/DMF (1:1, 3 mL) wasstirred at RT for 16 h. H₂O was added and extracted with DCM (3×). Thecombined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified byISCO (0-15% MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound (0.0478 g, 52%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 419.2; H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 12.95 (s, 1H) 7.97 (s,1H) 7.73 (br t, J=5.14 Hz, 1H) 7.49 (s, 1H) 7.43 (d, J=8.56 Hz, 1H)7.04-7.21 (m, 6H) 3.54 (br d, J=4.16 Hz, 4H) 2.90-2.99 (m, 2H) 2.83 (brdd, J=13.57, 5.99 Hz, 1H) 2.63-2.70 (m, 1H) 2.43-2.49 (m, 3H) 2.41-2.49(m, 1H) 1.88 (t, J=6.48 Hz, 1H) 1.47 (br t, J=4.40 Hz, 1H) 1.34 (s, 3H)0.96 (dd, J=7.58, 3.91 Hz, 1H)

Example B44

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-44)

(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-fluorophenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 371.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.17-7.25 (m,3H), 7.11-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.84-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.49 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 2H),3.40-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.01-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 6H),2.26-2.35 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.43 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.34 (m,1H).

Example B45

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-45)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B1above, starting with 31 mg of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidehydrochloride and cyclopropaldehyde (6 mg) and 37% formaldehyde (19 mg)to afford the title compound (16 mg). LC-MS: (+ESI) m/z 393.3 (MW+H); ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77 (br, s, 1H), 7.25-7.32 (m, 5H), 7.16-7.23(m, 1H) 6.98 (br d, J=8.07 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (br d,J=14.43 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (br d, J=9.29 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (br d, J=10.03 Hz,1H), 2.90-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.51 (m, 1H) 2.00 (s,3H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.32-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.26 (br s,1H), 1.00 (br s, 1H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 2H), 0.28 (br d, J=4.40 Hz, 2H)

Example B46

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-46)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 412.2 [M+1]; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.85 (t, J=8.1Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.21 (m, 5H), 6.86 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.67-6.74 (m, 2H),5.90 (bs, 1H), 3.03-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 3H), 2.76 (dd,J=13.7 Hz, 3.4 Hz, 1H) 2.47-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.15 (m, 7H), 1.65-1.70(m, 1H), 1.50-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.00 (dd, J=8.1 Hz, 4.9 Hz,1H).

Example B47

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide (Compound B-47)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (Int-1G) and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 381.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.06-7.20 (m,5H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 2H), 2.93-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.80 (m, 2H),2.35-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.88 (s, 1H), 1.68-1.71(m, 1H), 1.51-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 0.97-1.01 (m, 1H).

Example B48

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-48)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-methylphenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 367.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.11-7.26 (m,5H), 6.70 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),3.16-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.18-2.25 (m, 1H),2.12 (s, 3H), 1.79-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s, 3H),1.04-1.07 (m, 1H).

Example B49

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-49)

Compound B-49 was prepared by the same procedure above using(S)-6-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as startingmaterials. LC-MS: 394.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.5 (s,1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 6H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.14 (m, 3H),2.77 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 1.91 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.22(m, 2H).

Example B50

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—(((S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-50)

(1R,2S)—N—(((S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 351.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.12 (s,1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.13 (sep, J=16.4 Hz, 12.7 Hz, 8.3Hz, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.42(s, 1H), 3.57-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.14 (m, 1H),2.90-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.43 (m, 4H), 1.87-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.55 (m,1H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.09 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 0.96-0.99 (m, 1H).

Example B51

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—(((S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-51)

(1R,2R)—N—(((S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 351.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.25-7.30 (m,5H), 7.17-7.22 (m, 1H), 6.86-7.0 (m, 2H), 6.62 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.37(s, 1H), 3.56-3.77 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.45(s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 1H), 1.79-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.53 (m, 4H), 1.31-1.34(dd, J=8.3 Hz, 4.6 Hz, 1H).

Example B52

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-3-(6-chloro-2H-indazol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-52)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B2above, starting with(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(6-chloro-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(0.175 g, 0.324 mmole) and 1M TBAF (3.2 mL, 3.24 mmole) to afford thetitle compound (0.0461 g, 35%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H⁺: 411.2; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.11 (s, 3H) 1.18-1.23 (m, 2H) 1.34 (s, 3H) 1.91 (brt, J=6.97 Hz, 1H) 2.31 (br s, 6H) 2.67-2.73 (m, 1H) 2.87-2.96 (m, 1H)3.00 (br dd, J=13.21, 5.62 Hz, 1H) 3.10-3.16 (m, 1H) 3.18-3.28 (m, 1H)7.14-7.22 (m, 1H) 7.23-7.33 (m, 4H) 7.62 (s, 1H) 7.73 (s, 1H) 7.94-8.03(m, 1H) 8.05 (s, 1H) 13.09 (s, 1H)

Example B53

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-53)

The compound was prepared by the same procedure above using(S)-6-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as startingmaterials. LC-MS: 394.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.5 (s,1H), 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.15-6.88 (m, 8H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.33(m, 1H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 1.86 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 1.47 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H),1.33 (s, 3H), 0.94 (m, 1H).

Example B54

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(6-chloro-2H-indazol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-54)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of ExampleB52 above, starting with(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(6-chloro-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(0.151 g, 0.279 mmole) and 1M TBAF (1.4 mL, 1.39 mmole) to afford thetitle compound (0.0389 g, 34%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H⁺. 411.2; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.93 (br dd, J=6.97, 3.55 Hz, 1H) 1.31 (s, 3H) 1.42(br t, J=4.04 Hz, 1H) 1.83-1.90 (m, 1H) 2.29 (s, 6H) 2.34 (br s, 1H)2.57 (br d, J=4.16 Hz, 1H) 2.68 (br d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 2.73-2.82 (m, 1H)2.95 (br d, J=6.11 Hz, 3H) 7.02-7.10 (m, 1H) 7.10-7.17 (m, 4H) 7.58 (s,1H) 7.63 (s, 1H) 7.73-7.80 (m, 1H) 8.02 (s, 1H) 13.07 (s, 1H)

Example B55

Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-55)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-chlorophenol (Int-3H) and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 387.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.11-7.26 (m,5H), 9.90-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.56-6.72 (m, 3H), 3.10-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.81(m, 4H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.10-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.66(m, 1H), 142 (s, 3H), 1.06-1.09 (m, 1H).

Example B56

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-56)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example B1above, starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-methylphenol (229 mg) and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (301 mg) to affordthe title compound (259 mg, 64%). LC-MS: (ESI+) m/z 367.2 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.27-7.32 (m, 2H) 7.17-7.25 (m, 3H) 6.93 (d,J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 6.59-6.64 (m, 2H) 6.40 (m, 1H) 3.42 (m, 1H) 3.03 (m, 1H)2.95 (dd, J=13.45, 3.18 Hz, 1H) 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H) 2.36 (s, 6H) 2.32 (m,1H) 2.27 (s, 3H) 1.68 (dd, J=8.56, 6.11 Hz, 1H) 1.49 (s, 3H) 1.44-1.47(m, 1H) 1.36 (dd, J=8.31, 4.89 Hz, 1H)

Example B57

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)phenylacetate (Compound B-57)

4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)phenylacetate was synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenyl acetate and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 395.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.26-7.81 (m,4H), 7.16-7.21 (m, 4H), 7.02 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.41-3.49 (m, 1H),3.21-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 6H),2.29 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example B58

Synthesis of(1S,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-58)

(1S,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1S,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 353.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.12 (s,1H), 7.60-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.18 (m, 5H), 6.91 (d, J=Hz, 2H), 6.63 (d,J=Hz, 2H), 2.87-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.62 (dd, J=13.7 Hz,5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.25 (m, 7H), 1.87 (dd, J=7.8 Hz, 5.6 Hz, 1H),1.43-1.46 (m, 1H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 0.93 (dd, J=7.8 Hz, 3.9 Hz, 1H).

Example B59

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-59)

(1R,2S)—N—((S)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-chlorophenol (Int-3H) and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 387.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.19-7.30 (m,5H), 6.84-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.67-6.71 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.57 (m, 1H), 2.73-3.09(m, 3H), 2.25-2.40 (m, 7H), 1.71-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.52 (m, 4H), 1.39(dd, J=8.8 Hz, 5.1 Hz, 1H).

Example B60

Synthesis of3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-60)

3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chlorobenzamide and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 414.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.17-7.31 (m,5H), 6.84-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.65-6.61 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.47 (m, 1H), 2.73-3.09(m, 3H), 2.24-2.40 (m, 7H), 1.70-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.52 (m, 4H),1.34-1.39 (m, 1H).

Example B61

Synthesis of4-((2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-61)

4-((2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)benzamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate asthe starting materials. LC-MS: 380.2 [M+1]⁺.

Example B62

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-62)

(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamidewas synthesized according to Scheme B2 using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. LC-MS: 353.2 [M+1]+; 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.15 (s,1H), 7.89-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.18-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d,J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.05-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.70 (m,2H), 2.22-2.34 (m, 7H), 1.91-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.19-1.25 (m,1H).

Example B63

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-63)

Step 1: Synthesis of5-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine

To a stirred mixture of 5-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4 m-c]pyridine (5 g, 25.51mmole) and DIEA (5.4 mL, 30.61 mmole) in DCM (50 mL) at 0° C. was addedbenzenesulfonyl chloride (3.6 mL, 28.06 mmole). After the addition wascompleted, the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at RT. H₂O wasadded, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄, concentrated to give the title compound (7.5 g, 87%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 338.3.

Step 2: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propanoate

To a stirred suspension of Zinc powder (2.3 g, 11.83 mmole) in DMF (20mL) was added iodine (0.3 g, 1.18 mmole). After stirring for 10 minutes,methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (4.67 g, 14.2mmole) was added, followed by iodine (0.3 g, 1.18 mmole). The resultingmixture was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was then added to the mixtureof 5-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (4.0 g, 11.83mmole), S-Phos (0.24 g, 0.6 mmole), and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.21 g, 0.23 mmole)in DMF (10 mL). After the addition was completed, the reaction mixturewas heated to 40° C. in 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, dilutedwith EtOAc, filtered through the pad of Celite. The filtrate wasconcentrated to dryness, and purified by ISCO (0-50% EtOAc/Hexanes) togive the title compound (5.14 g, 94%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 461.3.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-hydroxy-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propanoate(4.5 g, 9.77 mmole) in EtOH (40 mL) at 0° C. was added NaBH₄ (1.1 g,29.31 mmole) in single portion. After the reaction was completed, thereaction was continued to stir for 4 h at 0° C., then slowly quenchedwith saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, diluted with H₂O, extracted with DCM (3×).The extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by ISCO(50% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the title compound (1.34 g, 31.7%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 433.2.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl(S)-(1-hydroxy-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(1.3 g, 3 mmole), triphenylphosphine (0.95 g, 3.6 mmole), and phthamide(0.53 g, 3.6 mmole) in THE (30 mL) at 0° C. was added DIAD (0.73 g, 3.6mmole) dropwise. After the addition was completed, the mixture wasstirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated, and purified byISCO (50% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the title compound (1.15 g, 68.4%).LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 562.2.

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-amino-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dionehydrochloride

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(1.15 g, 2.04 mmole) in MeOH (20 mL) was added 4M HCl in p-dioxane (4mL). After the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at 50°C. The reaction mixture was cooled, concentrated to dryness to give thetitle compound (1.35 g, 100%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 462.2.

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

To a stirred solution of(S)-2-(2-amino-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dionehydrochloride (1.35 g, 2.52 mmole) in MeCN/H₂O (10/1, 22 mL) was added37% CHO (1.02 mL, 12.6 mmole), NaCNBH₃ (0.5 g, 7.6 mmole). Afterstirring for 10 minutes, HOAc (0.73 mL, 12.6 mmole) was added. Thereaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, DCM was added and thelayers were separated. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated to give the title compound (0.95 g, 77%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H:490.2.

Step 7: Synthesis of(S)—N2,N2-dimethyl-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine

A mixture of(S)-2-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(0.95 g, 1.94 mmole) and hydrazine (0.8 mL, 12.6 mmole) in EtOH (30 mL)was heated to 90° C. in 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, the solidwas filtered off, washed with EtOH. The filtrate was concentrated, andpurified by ISCO (0-15% MeOH/DCM in 1% NH₄OH) to give the title compound(0.34 g, 50%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 360.2.

Step 8: Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylevelopropane-1-carboxamide

A mixture of(S)—N2,N2-dimethyl-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine(0.07 g, 0.19 mmole) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.05 g, 0.19 mmole)in THE (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture was concentratedto dryness and purified by ISCO (0-15% MeOH/DCM) to give the titlecompound (0.1 g, 100%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 518.2.

Step 9: Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound 63)

A mixture of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(0.1 g, 0.19 mmole) and K₂CO₃ in MeOH (3 mL) was heated to 55° C. in 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled, concentrated. H₂O was added,extracted with DCM (3×). The combined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated, and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC. The purefractions were concentrated to dryness to give the title compound asmono TFA salt (0.021 g, 23%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 378.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ ppm 13.58-13.81 (m, 1H) 9.45-9.68 (m, 1H) 9.06 (s, 1H) 8.44(t, J=5.75 Hz, 1H) 8.25 (s, 1H) 7.79 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 7.24-7.34 (m,4H) 7.15-7.23 (m, 1H) 3.84-3.90 (m, 2H) 3.39 (br d, J=5.62 Hz, 1H)3.27-3.36 (m, 2H) 3.16 (dd, J=14.67, 7.83 Hz, 1H) 2.90 (s, 6H) 1.83 (t,J=7.09 Hz, 1H) 1.36 (s, 3H) 1.27 (d, J=7.09 Hz, 2H).

Example B64

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-64) (RM0001450)

Step 1: Synthesis of5-bromo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine

A mixture of 5-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (5 g, 25.25 mmole), DHP(4.8 g, 76 mmole), and PPTS (0.5 g, 2.5 mmole) in DCM/MeCN (1:1, 80 mL)was stirred at RT for 24 h. H₂O was added, extracted with DCM (3×). Thecombined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified byISCO (20% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the title compound (7.9 g, 100%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 282.1.

Step 2: Synthesis of methyl(2S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propanoate

To a stirred suspension of Zinc powder (2.1 g, 31.9 mmole) in DMF (20mL) was added iodine (0.27 g, 1.06 mmole). After stirring for 10minutes, methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (4.2g, 12.76 mmole) was added, followed by iodine (0.27 g, 1.06 mmole). Theresulting mixture was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was then added to themixture of 5-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (3.0 g,10.63 mmole), S-Phos (0.46 g, 1.06 mmole), and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.48 g, 0.53mmole) in DMF (10 mL). After the addition was completed, the reactionmixture was heated to 50° C. in 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled,diluted with EtOAc, filtered through the pad of Celite. The filtrate wasconcentrated to dryness, and purified by ISCO (0-50% EtOAc/Hexanes) togive the title compound (1.68 g, 39%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 405.2.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl((2S)-1-hydroxy-3-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred solution of methyl(2S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propanoate(1.68 g, 4.15 mmole) in THE (20 mL) was added 4M LiBH₄ in THE (1.5 mL,6.23 mmole) dropwise at RT. After the addition was completed, thereaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled inan ice bath, and slowly quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, extractedwith EtOAc (3×). The combined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated and purified by ISCO (60% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the titlecompound (0.52 g, 33%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 377.2.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl((2S)-1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate

To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl((2S)-1-hydroxy-3-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(0.51 g, 1.35 mmole), triphenylphosphine (0.5 g, 1.9 mmole), andphthamide (0.3 g, 2.03 mmole) in THE (10 mL) at 0° C. was added DIAD(0.38 g, 1.9 mmole) dropwise. After the addition was completed, themixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated, andpurified by ISCO (20-70% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the title compound (0.68g, 100%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 506.2.

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-amino-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dionedi-hydrochloride

To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl((2S)-1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-(1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(0.68 g, 1.36 mmole) in MeOH (10 mL) was added 4M HCl in p-dioxane (3.5mL, 13.6 mmole). After the addition was completed, the reaction mixturewas stirred at RT for 16 h, concentrated to dryness. EtOAc was added,the precipitated solid was collected, washed EtOAc, dried to give thetitle compound (0.43 g, 80%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 322.1.

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

The title compound (0.097 g, 100%) was prepared in the same method asStep 6 of Example 63. LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 350.1

Step 7: Synthesis of(S)—N2,N2-dimethyl-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine

The title compound (0.029 g, 47%) was prepared in the same method asStep 7 of Example B63. LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 220.2

Step 8: Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-64)

A mixture of(S)—N2,N2-dimethyl-3-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine(0.029 g, 0.2 mmole) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (0.038 g, 0.2 mmole)in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at RT for 1 h. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated to remove the excess DMF, purified by preparative reversephase HPLC. The pure fractions were concentrated to minimal H₂O,neutralized by saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, extracted with DCM (3×). Thecombined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, andco-evaporated with MTBE to give the title compound (0.015 g, 29%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 378.2. H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm: 8.42 (d, J=1.96 Hz,1H), 8.11 (d, J=1.96 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.20(m, 1H), 3.31-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.41(s, 6H), 1.80 (dd, J=8.31, 5.87 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.29-1.32 (m,1H), 1.21-1.26 (m, 1H).

Example B65

Synthesis of4-chloro-3-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-65)

4-chloro-3-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-N-methylbenzamideis synthesized according to the general procedure using(S)-3-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-chloro-N-methylbenzamide and2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate as the startingmaterials. 428.2 [M]⁺.

Example B66

Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N—(((S)-8-chloro-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-66)

To a stirred solution of(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-8-chloro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol(16.5 mg, 0.07 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (24 mg, 0.09 mmol,1.2 equiv). After 2 h, the solution was concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-10% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (15.2 mg, 56% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.17-7.36 (m, 6H), 6.82-6.91 (m,2H), 6.24-6.38 (m, 1H), 3.95 (d, J=16.87 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.72 (m, 1H),3.36-3.57 (m, 3H), 2.83-3.05 (m, 11H), 2.65-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.49 (m,3H), 1.75-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.61 (m, 6H). LCMS: 385.2 [M]⁺.

Example B67

Synthesis of3-chloro-4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-67)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chloro-N-methylbenzamide (21.7mg, 0.08 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (24 mg, 0.09 mmol,1.2 equiv). After 3 h, the solution was concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-10% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (15.2 mg, 56% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=7.95, 1.83 Hz, 1H),7.18-7.35 (m, 6H), 6.89 (br d, J=4.65 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (br d, J=6.85 Hz,1H), 3.38-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.12-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.88-3.07(m, 6H), 2.37-2.56 (m, 6H), 1.65-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.56 (m, 2H),1.34-1.50 (m, 3H). LCMS: 428.2 [M]⁺.

Example B68

Synthesis of3-chloro-N-methyl-4-((S)-3-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)benzamide(Compound B-68)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-3-chloro-N-methylbenzamide (15mg, 0.05 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (16 mg, 0.06 mmol,1.2 equiv). After 2 h, the solution was concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-10% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (15.4 mg, 67% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=7.83, 1.71 Hz,1H), 7.21-7.37 (m, 8H), 6.54-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.47 (br s, 1H), 3.14-3.38(m, 3H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 6H), 2.81 (br s, 2H), 2.62-2.78 (m, 4H), 1.84 (brs, 5H), 1.66-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.33-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.23 (t, J=7.09 Hz, 2H).LCMS: 454.2 [M]⁺.

Example B69

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-69)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (27.5 mg, 0.11 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added EDCI(33 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.5 equiv), HOBt (23 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.5 equiv),(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (20 mg, 0.12 mmol, 1.1equiv), and DIPEA (115 μL, 0.66 mmol, 6 equiv). After 4 h, the solutionwas diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organiclayers were washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford awhite solid (9.9 mg, 23% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84-7.95 (m,1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.06-7.17 (m, 4H), 6.86 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (brd, J=12.96 Hz, 1H), 3.01-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.88-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.85 (m,2H), 2.40-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.25(m, 5H), 1.84-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.51-1.63 (m, 1H). LCMS: 398.2 [M]⁺.

Example B70

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Compound B-70)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F) (57 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added EDCI(67 mg, 0.35 mmol, 1.5 equiv), HOBt (47 mg, 0.35 mmol, 1.5 equiv),(1R,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.25 mmol, 1.1equiv), and DIPEA (240 μL, 1.38 mmol, 6 equiv). After 4 h, the solutionwas diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organiclayers were washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford awhite solid (11.7 mg, 13% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.94 (td,J=8.13, 2.08 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.21 (m, 4H), 6.93-7.02 (m, 3H), 6.84 (d,J=12.72 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (br d, J=6.36 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (br s, 1H), 3.26-3.43(m, 1H), 2.73-2.97 (m, 6H), 2.24-2.39 (m, 8H), 1.86-1.90 (m, 1H),1.45-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.28 (m, 1H). LCMS: 398.3 [M]⁺.

Example B71

Synthesis of(1S,2S)—N—(((S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroisoguinolin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide(Compound B-71)

To a stirred solution of(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol (22 mg,0.12 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl(1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate (35 mg, 1.3 mmol,1.09 equiv). After 2 h, the solution diluted in EtOAc, washed withwater, separated, and dried over MgSO₄. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-100% EtOAc in hexanesthen 0-10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (28.4mg, 68% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.07-7.23 (m, 6H), 6.81 (d,J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (dd, J=8.31, 2.45 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H),3.70 (q, J=15.73 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (dt, J=14.31, 5.07 Hz, 1H), 2.97-3.06 (m,1H), 2.57-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.68-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.45 (m,4H), 1.26 (dd, J=8.31, 4.65 Hz, 1H). LCMS: 351.2 [M]⁺.

Example B72

Synthesis of4-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-((1R,2S)-2-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamido)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzamide(Compound B-72)

To a stirred solution of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzamide(117.2 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1 equiv) in 9:1 CH₃CN: H₂O (2 mL) at 0° C. wasadded NaCNBH₄ (82 mg, 1.3 mmol, 5 equiv) and 37% formaldehyde (75 μL,0.78 mmol, 3 equiv). After 10 min, HOAc (75 ul, 1.3 mmol, 5 equiv) wasadded and the solution was allowed to warm to rt for 4 h. Ethyl acetate(10 mL) was added and the solution was washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine,dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂) to afford a white solid (32.3 mg, 56% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.67 (t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 7.02-7.29 (m, 7H), 4.09 (q, J=9.29 Hz,2H), 3.01-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.86-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.47(m, 6H), 1.78-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.46 (m, 3H),0.99-1.11 (m, 1H). LCMS: 480.2 [M]⁺.

C. Synthesis of Compounds Having the Structure of Formula (I-C)

Representative Compounds having the structure of Formula (I-C) can besynthesized by using the general synthetic procedures set forth inSchemes C1.

Synthesis of Intermediates Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (Int-1G)

Step 1: Preparation of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate(Int-1A)

To a stirred suspension of Zinc powder (7.9 g, 120.92 mmole) in DMF (40mL) was added iodine (1.02 g, 4.03 mmole) After stirring for 10 minutes,methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (19.9 g,60.46 mmole) was added, followed by another iodine (1.02 g, 4.03 mmole).The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture was thenadded to a stirred mixture of 4-bromo-3,5-dimethylphenol (10 g, 40.31mmole), S-Phos (1.65 g, 4.03 mmole), and Pd₂(dba)₃ in DMF (20 mL). Thereaction mixture was then heated to 60° C. for 16 h, cooled to RT,diluted with EtOAc, filtered the a pad of Celite, washed with EtOAc. Thefiltrate was concentrated to dryness, and purified by ISCO (0-40%EtOAc/hexanes) to give Int-1A (11.5 g, 88%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 346.2.

Step 2: Preparation of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoate (Int-1B)

To a stirred mixture of Int-1A (11.5 g, 35.58 mmole) and imidazole (3.9g, 56.94 mmole) in DCM (100 mL) was added TBS-Cl (8.1 g, 53.38 mmole).After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was stirred for16 h at RT. H₂O was added and the layers were separated. The organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-20%etOAc/hexanes) to give Int-1B (14 g, 89.9%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 438.2.

Step 3: Preparation of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-1C)

To a stirred solution of Int-1B (14 g, 31.99 mmole) in THE (100 mL) wasadded 4M LiBH₄ in THE (12 mL, 47.98 mmole) dropwise. After the additionwas completed, the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h. The mixturewas cooled in an ice bath and slowly quenched with saturated aqueousNH₄Cl. The mixture was diluted with H₂O, extracted with EtOAc (3×). Thecombined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to dryness togive Int-IC (13.2 g, 95.6%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+Na: 432.1.

Step 4: Preparation of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-1D)

To a stirred mixture of Int-1C (13.2 g, 30.55 mmole), phthalimide (5.4g, 36.66 mmole), and PPh₃ (9.62 g, 36.66 mmole) in THE at 0° C. wasadded DIAD (7.41 g, 36.66 mmole) dropwise. After the addition wascompleted, the reaction mixture was a stirred at RT for 16 h. Themixture was concentrated to dryness, and purified by ISCO (0-40%EtOAc/Hexanes) to give Int-1D (14.5 g, 88.1%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+Na: 561.2.

Step 5: Preparation of(S)-2-(2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dionehydrochloride (Int-1E)

To a stirred solution of Int-1D (14.5 g, 26.91 mmole) in methanol (150mL) at 0° C. was added 4M HCl (34 mL 269.1 mmole). The reaction mixturewas stirred at 80° C. for 1 h, cooled to RT, concentrated to dryness,triturated in EtOAc, the solid (9.3 g, 96%) was collected by filtration,washed with EtOAc, dried and used in the next step. LC-MS (+ESI) M+H:325.1.

Step 6: Preparation of(S)-2-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (Int-1F)

To a stirred solution of Int-1E (9.5 g, 26.33 mmole) in MeCN/H₂O (10:1,220 mL) was added 37% formaldehyde (12.6 mL, 157.96 mmole). The mixturewas stirred for 30 minutes, then NaCNBH₃ (4.96 g, 78.98 mmole) wasadded. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, slowly quenchedwith saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedextracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by ISCO(0-10% MeOH/DCM) to give Int-1F (9.08, 100%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 353.2.

Step 7: Preparation of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (Int-1G)

To a stirred solution of Int-1F (9.08 g, 25.75 mmole) in EtOH (100 mL)was added hydrazine (8.3 mL, 128.76 mmole). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 90° C. for 2 h, cooled to RT, filtered off the solid, washedwith EtOH. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness, and purified byISCO (15% MeOH/DCM in 1% NH₄OH) to give Int-1G (3.0 g, 52.2%). LC-MS(+ESI) M+H: 223.1.

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-Amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chlorophenol(Int-2H)

Step 1: Synthesis of4-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-chlorobenzaldehyde (Int-2A)

A solution of 2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.0 g, 32 mmol),tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl chloride (5.3 g, 35 mmol), imidazole (2.9 g,45 mmol) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (10 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide(40 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 65 hours. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate(200 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic phase was separated, washedwith brine (3×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated invacuo. Purification by ISCO, eluting with ethyl acetate-Hexanes (0-15%),afforded the title compound as a colorless oil (3.3 g, 39%), alsorecovered starting material (3 g). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.27 (s,6H), 1.0 (s, 9H), 6.80 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),7.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 10.34 (1H, s).

Step 2: Synthesis of methyl(Z)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-chlorophenyl)acrylate(Int-2B)

1.76 ml (14 mmol) of N,N,N,N-tetramethylguanidine was dropwise added toa solution of 3.3 g (12.2 mmol) of Int-2A and 4 g (13.4 mmol) of methyl[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino](dimethoxyphosphoryl)acetate in 45 ml ofanhydrous tetrahydrofuran at −78° C. over 20 min. After stirring for 1 hat −78° C., the reaction mixture was warmed to RT overnight. The mixtureis mixed with 40 ml of water and 200 ml of ethyl acetate. The aqueouslayer was further extracted with ethyl acetate twice (2×40 mL). Thecombined organic phase was washed with water (30 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate and concentrated. The crude product is purified by ISCO elutingwith ethyl acetate-Hexanes (0-100%) to provide the desired product as acolorless oil (4.26 g, 79%), LC-MS 464.2 (M+Na). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃): δ=0.23 (s, 6H), 0.99 (s, 9H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 3.87 (s, 3H),6.67-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.58 m, 1H).By-product (methyl(Z)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylate)(more polar) (0.75 g, 18%): LC-MS 350.1 (M+Na). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃):δ 1.42 (s, 9H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.84 (brs, 1H), 7.51(s, 1H), 7.55-7.57 (m, 1H).

Step 3: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-chlorophenyl)propanoate(Int-2C)

A mixture of methyl Int-2B (4.26 g, 9.6 mmol) and (+)-1,2-bis[(2S,5 S)-2,5-diethylphospholano]benzene(cyclooctadiene)-rhodium(I)trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Rh(COD){(S,S)-Et-DuPHOS}] TfO—, 20 mg) indry methanol (20 mL) was degassed for 4 times and then placed under 53psi of hydrogen and stirred for 4 h at rt. The solution was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by ISCO elutingwith ethyl acetate-Hexanes (0-100%) to provide the desired product as acolorless oil (4.27 g, 100%). LC-MS 466.2 (M+Na). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃): δ=0.20 (s, 6H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 2.97-3.09 (m, 1H),3.14-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 4.53-4.64 (m, 1H), 5.02-5.10 (m, 1H),6.66-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.97-7.02 (m, 1H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-2D)

To a solution of Int-2C (4.1 g, 9.2 mmol) in dry THE (50 mL) was added 4M LiBH₄ in THE solution (4.6 mL, 18.4 mmol) at 0° C. over 10 min, themixture was then stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then the reaction mixture wasstirred at rt overnight (the reaction progress was monitored by TLC orLC-MS). Then it was cooled to 0° C., water (5 mL) and then saturatedNH₄Cl sol. (10 mL) were added dropwise (slow addition is necessary).Then water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL) were added, the aqueouslayer was separated and extracted further with ethyl acetate (100 mL).The combined organic layers were washed with water (40 mL), and thendried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration and concentration, thecrude product was put in lyophilization overnight and used in the nextstep without further purification.

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-2E

To a mixture of Int-2D (crude, 3.84 g, 9.23 mmol), triphenylphospine(2.54 g, 9.69 mmol, 1.05 eq), and phthalimide (1.43 g, 9.69 mmol) inanhydrous THE at 0° C. under nitrogen, was injected DIAD (1.91 mL, 9.69mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was then stirred from 0° C. to roomtemperature overnight. The crude reaction mixture was mixed with silicagel (40 g), concentrated to dryness on rota vapor, purified on 120 gsilica gel column, eluted with 0-30% EtOAc/hexanes to provide thedesired product. 4.15 g white solid, 82%. LCMS (+ESI) M+Na+=567.2. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.85 (dd, J=5.26, 3.06 Hz, 2H)7.68-7.75 (m, 2H) 7.15 (br d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H) 6.87 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H)6.71 (dd, J=8.31, 2.20 Hz, 1H) 4.68 (br d, J=9.54 Hz, 1H) 4.31 (br d,J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 3.72-3.80 (m, 2H) 2.88-2.99 (m, 2H) 1.20 (s, 9H) 0.98 (s,9H) 0.20 (s, 6H).

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-amino-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dionehydrochloride (Int-2F)

To a solution of Int-2E (3.00 g, 5.50 mmol) in MeOH (45 mL), was added4N HCl in dioxane (13.8 mL). The mixture was heated at 70° C. for anhour. The solvents were evaporated on rota vapor. The solid residue wastreated with ethyl acetate, filtered, rinsed with ethyl acetate anddried in vacuo to provide the desired product. 1.75 g white solid, 87%.LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=331.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₄) δ ppm 7.84-7.88 (m,2H) 7.90-7.93 (m, 2H) 7.25 (d, J=8.56 Hz, 1H) 6.90 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H)6.76 (dd, J=8.44, 2.57 Hz, 1H) 4.93-4.97 (m, 1H) 3.85-4.00 (m, 3H)3.00-3.15 (m, 2H).

Step 7: Synthesis of(S)-2-(3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-chlorophenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(Int-2G)

To a suspension of Int-2F (1.75 g, 4.80 mmol) in CH₃CN (30 mL) and water(3 mL), was added 37% formaldehyde (0.98 g, 12.0 mmol), sodiumcyanoborohydride (0.90 g, 14.4 mmol) and HOAc (0.86 mL). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for an hour. The reaction mixture was thenpartitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and saturated sodiumbicarbonate (100 mL). Separated layers, extracted aqueous was extractedwith more ethyl acetate (50 mL). The combined organic layers were driedover MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated on rota vapor. The crude materialwas purified on 80 g silica gel column, eluted with 0-10% MeOH/DCM toprovide the desired product, 1.35 g white solid, 78%. LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=359.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₄) S ppm 7.72-7.82 (m, 4H) 7.09-7.15(m, 1H) 6.74-6.79 (m, 1H) 6.59-6.66 (m, 1H) 3.82-3.95 (m, 1H) 3.43-3.51(m, 2H) 3.32 (s, 1H) 3.02 (br dd, J=13.57, 4.04 Hz, 1H) 2.56 (br dd,J=13.82, 8.93, 1H) 2.35 (s, 6H).

Step 8: Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chlorophenol (Int-2H)

To a solution of Int-2G (1.35 g, 3.76 mmol) in 95% ethanol (30 mL), wasadded hydrazine hydrate (80%) (750 mg, 19 mmol). The mixture was heatedat 70° C. for 2 hours. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with MeOHand mixed with silica gel (˜20 g), concentrated to dryness on rotavapor, and then purified on 24 g silica gel column, eluted with 0-15%MeOH in DCM with 1% NH₄OH to provide the desired product, 634 mg whitesolid, 74%. LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=229.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.07(d, J=8.56 Hz, 1H) 6.77 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H) 6.67 (dd, J=8.31, 2.45 Hz,1H) 2.83 (dd, J=13.33, 3.79 Hz, 1H) 2.52-2.61 (m, 2H) 2.29-2.38 (m, 2H)2.27 (s, 6H).

Synthesis of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-chlorophenol(Int-3H)

Int-3H was prepared in the same method as that used for making Int-2H byusing appropriate intermediates.

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F)

Step 1: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propanoate(Int-4A)

To a suspension of zinc (2.97 g, 45.2 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) undernitrogen atmosphere, was injected a solution of iodine (230 mg, 0.906mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5minutes. A solution of methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (4.46 g, 13.5 mmol)in DMF (10 mL) was injected followed by another portion of iodine (230mg, 0.906 mmol) in DMF (2 mL), stirred for 30 minutes. A mixture ofN-methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzamide (3.00 g, 12.9 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (591mg, 0.646 mmol) and Sphos (564 mg, 1.29 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) wasinjected. The reaction was then heated at 55° C. overnight. The reactionwas cooled down to room temperature, quenched with water (50 mL),filtered through a celite pad, rinsed with ethyl acetate (300 mL),extracted with water (3×200 mL) followed by brine (200 mL). The organiclayer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated onrota-vapor. The residue was purified on 220 g silica gel column elutingwith gradient of 0-100% EtOAc/Hexanes to provide the desired product asa white solid (3.65 g, 80%). LCMS (+ESI) M+Na+=377.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.13 (br s, 1H) 7.55 (t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H) 7.33 (br d,J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 7.11-7.22 (m, 2H) 4.17-4.29 (m, 1H) 3.64 (s, 3H) 3.07 (brdd, J=13.69, 4.89 Hz, 1H) 2.90 (dd, J=13.69, 10.52 Hz, 1H) 2.77 (d,J=4.65 Hz, 3H) 1.33 (s, 9H)

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-4B)

To a solution of Int-4A (3.63 g, 10.2 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at 0° C.,lithium boron hydride in THE (4.0 N, 10 mL) was injected dropwise. Thereaction mixture was then stirred from 0° C. to room temperatureovernight. The crude reaction mixture was cooled with ice-water bath,quenched carefully with saturated NH₄Cl (aq), extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated on rota-vapor. The residue was purified on 40 g silica gelcolumn eluting with gradient of 0-100% EtOAc/Hexanes to provide thedesired product as a white solid (3.10 g, 92%). LCMS (+ESI) M+Na+=349.1.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 8.04 (t, J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 7.12 (dd,J=7.95, 1.59 Hz, 1H) 7.01 (d, J=12.96 Hz, 1H) 6.71 (br s, 1H) 4.75 (brs, 1H) 3.81-3.90 (m, 1H) 3.64-3.71 (m, 1H) 3.57 (dt, J=10.58, 5.10 Hz,1H) 3.03 (dd, J=4.77, 0.86 Hz, 3H) 2.90 (d, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 2.14 (br s,1H) 1.41 (s, 9H)

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-4C)

To a mixture of Int-4B (3.08 g, 9.44 mmol), triphenylphospine (2.63 g,9.91 mmol), and phthalimide (1.46 g, 9.91 mmol) in anhydrous THE at 0°C. under nitrogen, was injected DIAD (1.95 mL, 9.91 mmol) dropwise. Thereaction mixture was then stirred from 0° C. to room temperatureovernight. The precipitate was filtered, rinsed with THE and dried invacuo to provide the desired product as a white solid (4.00 g, 93%).LCMS (+ESI) M+Na+=478.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.11-8.19 (m,1H) 7.79-7.92 (m, 4H) 7.51-7.57 (m, 1H) 7.15 (d, J=4.65 Hz, 1H) 7.12 (s,1H) 6.91 (d, J=9.29 Hz, 1H) 4.00 (br d, J=5.14 Hz, 1H) 3.59-3.69 (m, 2H)3.32-3.35 (m, 1H) 2.89 (dd, J=13.94, 4.65 Hz, 1H) 2.75 (d, J=4.65 Hz,3H) 1.10 (s, 9H)

Step 4: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamidehydrochloride (Int-4D)

To a suspension of Int-4C (3.99 g, 8.76 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) anddioxane (20 mL), was added 4N HCl in dioxane (22 mL). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The solvents were evaporated onrota vapor. The solid residue was trituated with ethyl acetate,filtered, rinsed with ethyl acetate and dried in vacuo to provide thedesired product as a white solid (2.98 g, 87%). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=356.1.¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.27 (br s, 2H) 8.19 (br dd, J=4.16,2.93 Hz, 1H) 7.83-7.90 (m, 4H) 7.61 (t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H) 7.31 (d, J=11.74Hz, 1H) 7.25 (dd, J=8.07, 1.22 Hz, 1H) 3.80-3.88 (m, 1H) 3.70-3.80 (m,1H) 3.65 (dd, J=14.06, 3.79 Hz, 1H) 3.13 (dd, J=14.06, 5.26 Hz, 1H) 2.96(dd, J=14.18, 8.31 Hz, 1H) 2.77 (d, J=4.65 Hz, 3H)

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4E)

To a suspension of Int-4D (1.62 g, 4.13 mmol) in CH₃CN (35 mL) and water(3.5 mL), was added 37% formaldehyde (1.99 g, 24.8 mmol), sodiumcyanoborohydride (1.05 g, 16.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for an hour. The reaction mixture was then partitionedbetween ethyl acetate (100 mL) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (100mL). Separated layers, the aqueous was extracted with more ethyl acetate(50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated on rota-vapor. The crude material was purified on 40 gsilica gel column eluting with gradient of 0-100% EtOAc/Hexanes toprovide the desired product as a white solid (1.39 g, 88%). LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=384.2.

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4F)

To a solution of Int-4E (1.38 g, 3.60 mmol) in 95% ethanol (30 mL), wasadded hydrazine hydrate (80%) (1.05 g, 26.6 mmol). The mixture washeated at 70° C. for 3 hours. The crude reaction mixture was dilutedwith MeOH and mixed with silica gel (20 g), concentrated on rota vapor,and then purified on 24 g silica gel column eluting with gradient of0-10% MeOH in DCM with 1% NH₄OH to provide the desired product as awhite solid (0.716 g, 79%). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=254.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 8.01 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H) 7.05 (dd, J=7.95, 1.59 Hz,1H) 6.91 (dd, J=13.08, 1.35 Hz, 1H) 6.70 (br s, 1H) 3.02 (dd, J=4.77,0.86 Hz, 3H) 2.93 (dd, J=13.45, 3.42 Hz, 1H) 2.59-2.69 (m, 2H) 2.49-2.57(m, 1H) 2.30-2.37 (m, 7H).

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4H)

Step 1:(S)-4-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4G)

To a suspension of Int-4D (228 mg, 0.582 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) and water(0.5 mL), was added cyclopropanecarbaldehyde (0.035 mL, 0.582 mmol).After stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature, sodiumcyanoborohydride (146 mg, 2.33 mmol) was added and continued to stir foran additional hour. 37% formaldehyde (236 g, 2.91 mmol) was then addedand the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Thereaction mixture was then partitioned between ethyl acetate (30 mL) andsaturated sodium bicarbonate (30 mL). Separated layers, the aqueous wasextracted with more ethyl acetate (30 mL). The combined organic layerswere dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated on rota-vapor. Thecrude material was purified on 12 g silica gel column eluting withgradient of 0-100% EtOAc/Hexanes to provide the desired product as awhite solid (128 mg, 52%). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=424.2, M+Na⁺=446.2.

Step 2:(S)-4-(3-amino-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)aminopropyl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide(Int-4H)

To a solution of Int-4G (116 mg, 0.274 mmol) in 95% ethanol (30 mL), wasadded hydrazine hydrate (80%) (0.080 g, 2.03 mmol). The mixture washeated at 75° C. for 3 hours. The crude reaction mixture was dilutedwith MeOH and mixed with silica gel (4 g), concentrated on rota vapor,and then purified on 4 g silica gel column eluting with gradient of0-10% MeOH in DCM with 1% NH₄OH to provide the desired product as anoff-white solid (55 mg, 69%). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=294.2.

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide(Int-5H)

Step 1: Synthesis of 4-Bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid (Int-5A)

4-Bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzonitrile (10 g, 48 mmol) was taken in ethanol(50 ml) and a solution of potassium hydroxide (13 g in 15 ml water) wasadded to it. The solution was heated to reflux for 22 hours. Aftercooling in an ice-bath, it was quenched by slowly adding 2.5 M sulfuricacid solution. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration andwashed with water. After air-drying, the solids were taken up in tolueneand solvent was removed to get dry powder. This was dried under vacuumto give the product as a light brown powder (10.7 g, 98%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.82 (s, 2H) 2.46-2.52 (m, 6H).

Step 2: Synthesis of 4-Bromo-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide (Int-5B)

Int-5A (10.7 g, 46.7 mmol) was taken in dimethylformamide (150 ml) withmethylamine hydrochloride (3.5 g, 51.4 mmol),N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (9.9 g,51.4 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (6.9 g, 51.4 mmol). The solution wascooled in an ice-bath and diisopropylethylamine (18 ml, 100 mmol) wasadded. After completion of the reaction, it was diluted with ethylacetate and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The organiclayer was dried and then concentrated. The residue was purified onCombiflash using hexanes/ethyl acetate gradient to give the product (8.7g, 77%) as a pale white powder. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm7.42-7.48 (m, 2H) 6.37 (br s, 1H) 2.97-3.02 (m, 3H), 2.34-2.48 (m, 6H).

Step 3: Synthesis of Methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propanoate(Int-5C)

To a stirred suspension of Zinc powder (9.4 g, 143 mmol) indimethylformamide (50 mL) was added iodine (1.1 g, 4.3 mmol) Afterstirring for 10 minutes, methyl(R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-iodopropanoate (17.1 g, 52 mmol)was added, followed by iodine (1.1 g, 4.3 mmol). The resulting mixturewas stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture was then added to a stirredmixture of Int-5B (10.5 g, 43 mmol), S-Phos (1.8 g, 4.3 mmole), andPd₂(dba)₃ (2.0 g, 2.2 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) and then heated to 80° C. for16 h. After cooling to room temperature, the suspension was diluted withethyl acetate and filtered through packed celite. The filtrate waswashed with water and the organic layer was dried and concentrated tohalf its original volume. The precipitated solids were collected byfiltration to give the product as a white powder (6.1 g, 40%). Thefiltrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified on Combiflashusing hexanes/ethyl acetate gradient to give additional product (6.0 g,38%). Total yield (12.1 g, 78%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm7.33 (s, 2H) 6.00-6.16 (m, 1H) 5.05 (br d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H) 4.46 (q,J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.91 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 3H)2.30 (s, 6H), 1.29 (s, 9H)

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-5D)

Int-5C (6.1 g, 16.7 mmol) was taken in tetrahydrofuran (80 ml) andcooled in an ice-bath. A solution of lithium borohydride (8.4 ml, 4 M inTHF, 33.5 mmol) was added slowly to it. The solution was brought to roomtemperature and then heated to reflux. After completion of reaction, itwas cooled in an ice-bath and quenched by adding saturated ammoniumchloride solution and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was dried, concentrated and the residue was purified on Combiflashusing dichloromethane/methanol gradient to give the product (4.6 g, 82%)as a white powder. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.30-7.37 (m,2H), 6.07 (br s, 1H) 4.83 (br s, 1H) 3.79 (br s, 1H) 3.57-3.62 (m, 1H)3.42-3.50 (m, 1H) 2.79-2.97 (m, 6H) 2.28-2.35 (m, 6H) 1.31 (br s, 9H).

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-5E)

Int-5D (4.6 g, 13.7 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (75 ml) andthen phthalimide (2.4 g, 16.4 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (4.3 g, 16.4mmol) were added. The flask was flushed with nitrogen and cooled in anice-bath. Diisopropylazodicarboxylate (3.3 ml, 17.1 mmol) was addeddropwise and the solution was stirred at room temperature. Aftercompletion of the reaction, the solution was concentrated and theresidue was taken up in ethyl acetate. The precipitated solids werecollected by filtration to give the product as a white powder (5.3 g,84%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.29 (br d, J=4.65 Hz, 1H)7.78-7.90 (m, 4H) 7.43-7.49 (m, 2H) 6.93 (d, J=9.54 Hz, 1H) 3.95-4.19(m, 1H) 3.76 (dd, J=13.57, 9.90 Hz, 1H) 3.40-3.52 (m, 1H) 2.82-2.90 (m,2H), 2.75 (d, J=9.54 Hz, 3H), 2.32-2.38 (br, 6H) 1.08 (s, 7H) 0.88 (s,2H).

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-amino-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)-N,3.5-trimethylbenzamidehydrochloride (Int-5F)

Int-5E (5.3 g, 11.5 mmol) was taken in ethanol (50 ml) and solution ofHCl in 1,4-dioxane (12 ml, 57 mmol, 4 M solution) was added to it. Aftercompletion of the reaction, the solution was partially concentrated andthen diluted with ethyl acetate. The precipitated solids were collectedby filtration to give the product as a white powder (5.0 g, 100%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.33-8.51 (m, 4H) 7.80-7.88 (m, 4H)7.50-7.65 (m, 2H) 3.88-3.96 (m, 1H) 3.21-3.35 (m, 2H) 3.06-3.17 (m, 1H)2.76 (d, J=4.16 Hz, 3H) 2.30-2.43 (m, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 366

Step 7: Synthesis of(R)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide(Int-5G)

Int-5F (2.0 g, 4.98 mmol) was taken in acetonitrile (10 ml) with water(2 ml) and heated to 50 C to get a clear solution. It was then cooled toroom temperature and a solution of formaldehyde (2.4 ml, 25 mmol) wasadded to it. After 15 mins, sodium cyanoborohydride (0.4 g, 12 mmol) wasadded to it. After a further 15 mins, formaldehyde (0.4 ml, 5 mmol) wasadded followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (0.1 g, 3 mmol). After 1 hrthe reaction was complete, and it was quenched by adding saturatedammonium chloride solution. It was extracted with dichloromethane,dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified on Combiflash usingdichloromethane/methanol gradient to give the product (1.15 g, 59%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.71 (dd, J=5.26, 3.06 Hz, 2H) 7.61(dd, J=5.50, 3.06 Hz, 2H) 7.33 (s, 2H) 5.91-6.10 (m, 1H) 3.80-3.85 (m,1H), 3.30-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 1H) 2.80-2.90 (m, 4H overlap)2.60-2.75 (m, 1H) 2.28-2.36 (m, 12H). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 394

Step 8: Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide(Int-5H)

Int-5G (1.6 g, 4.1 mmol) was taken in ethanol (40 ml) and then hydrazinesolution (1.3 ml, 20 mmol, 50% solution) was added to it. The solutionwas heated to reflux for 3 hours during which time a thick whiteprecipitate formed. After cooling to room temperature, the solution wasdiluted with ethyl acetate and the precipitated solids were removed byfiltration. The filtrate was concentrated and then purified onCombiflash using dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide gradient togive the product as a white powder (0.75 g, 70%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.35-7.42 (m, 2H) 6.30-6.45 (br 1H) 2.99-3.05 (m,3H), 2.88-2.96 (m, 2H) 2.85 (br, 2H) 2.67-2.70 (m, 1H) 2.54-2.60 (m, 1H)2.43 (br, 6H), 2.35 (br, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 264

Synthesis of(S)—N2,N2-dimethyl-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine(Int-6G)

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-1-tosyl-1H-indazole (Int-6A)

To a stirred mixture of 5-bromo-1H-indazole (6.75 g, 34.25 mmole) andDIEA (7.3 mL, 41.11 mmole) in DCM (80 mL) at 0° C. was added Ts-Cl (6.85g, 35.97 mmole). After the addition was completed, the reaction mixturewas stirred for 16 h at RT. H₂O was added, layers were separated. Theaqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2×). The combined extracts weredried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-30%EtOAc/Hexanes) to give Int-6A (10.35 g, 76%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 399.1.

Step 2: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanoate(Int-6B)

To a stirred suspension of zinc powder (0.94 g, 14.31 mmole) in DMF (10mL) was added iodine (0.12 g, 0.48 mmole). After stirring for 10minutes, methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino)-3-iodopropanoate(1.88 g, 5.72 mmole), followed by iodine (0.12 g, 0.48 mmole). Theresulting mixture was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was then added to astirred mixture of Int-6A (1.9 g, 4.77 mmole), S-Phos (0.10 g, 0.24mmole), and Pd₂(dba)₃ in DMF (10 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to60° C. in 16 h, cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc, filtered through a padof Celite. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-60%EtOAc/Hexanes) to give Int-6B (1.21 g, 53.5%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 399.1.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-hydroxy-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate (Int-6C)

To a stirred solution of Int-6B (6.6 g, 14.04 mmole) in THF (60 mL) at0° C. was added 4M LiBH₄ (5.3 mL, 21.06 mmole) dropwise. After theaddition was completed, the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hat RT, cooled in an ice bath, slowly quenched by saturated aqueousNH₄Cl, stirred for 15 minutes, extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedextracts were dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and purified by ISCO (45%EtOAc/Hexanes) to give Int-6C (2.6 g, 42%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 446.2.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-6D)

To a stirred mixture of Int-6C (2.6 g, 5.84 mmole), PPh₃ (1.84 g, 7.01mmole), and phthalimide (1.03 g, 7.01 mmole) in THE (40 mL) at 0° C. wasadded DIAD (1.42 g, 7.01 mmole) dropwise. After the addition wascompleted, the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at RT. The mixturewas concentrated to dryness and purifier by ISCO (0-50% EtOAC/Hexanes)to give Int-6D (3.1 g, 92.5%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 575.2.

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-amino-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dionehydrochloride (Int-6E)

To a stirred solution of Int-6D (2.1 g, 3.65 mmole) in MeOH (30 mL) at0° C. was added 4M HCl (9.6 mL, 18.28 mmole) in p-dioxane. The mixturewas stirred at RT for 3 h, concentrated to dryness, triturated in EtOAc.The solid was collected, washed with EtOAc, dried to give Int-6E (1.95g, 100%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 475.2.

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-2-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(Int-6F)

To a stirred solution of Int-6E (1.95 g, 3.82 mmole) in MeCN/H₂O (10:1,44 mL) was added 37% formaldehyde (1.55 g, 19.09 mmole). After stirringfor 30 minutes, NaCNBH₃ (0.72 g, 11.45 mmole). The reaction mixture wasstirred for 30 minutes, quenched by saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, stirred for10 minutes, extracted with DCM (3×). The combined extracts were driedover Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give Int-6F (2.0 g, 100%). LC-MS (+ESI)M+H: 503.2.

Step 7: Synthesis of(S)—N2,N2-dimethyl-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine(Int-6G)

A mixture of Int-6F (2.0 g, 3.98 mmole) and hydrazine (1.3 mL, 19.89mmole) in EtOH (40 mL) was heated to 90° C. in 2 h. The reaction mixturewas cooled, and the solid was filtered off, washed with EtOAc (3×). Thefiltrate was concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-25% MeOH/DCM in 1%NH₄OH) to give Int-6G (0.4 g, 27%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 373.2.

Synthesis of(S)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-N2,N2,2-trimethylpropane-1,2-diamine(Int-7H)

Step 1: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoate (Int-7A)

To a dry 100 mL round-bottom flask purged with N₂ is added methanol (20mL) followed by thionyl chloride (1.45 mL, 20 mmol) dropwise at roomtemperature over 5 minutes. The solution is allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 10 additional minutes, after which time solidα-methyl-L-tyrosine (1.03 g, 5.27 mmol) is added. The mixture is heatedto reflux for 24 hours, after which time LC-MS analysis indicatesgreater than 90% conversion to the methyl ester. The homogeneous orangereaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and the methanol isremoved by rotary evaporation. Diethyl ether (5 mL) is added, causing aprecipitate to form. The solid is collected by filtration, washed withether and pump-dried to provide the product HCl salt as a beige solid,1.48 g, which is carried forward without further purification. LC-MS:210.1 m/z [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 8.53 (br s, 3H)6.94-6.98 (m, 2H) 6.71-6.75 (m, 2H) 3.73 (s, 3H) 3.02 (s, 2H) 1.48 (s,3H);

Step 2: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-amino-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoate(Int-7B)

To a scintillation vial containing crude Int-7A (1.48 g, assumed 5.1mmol) is added dimethylformamide (5 mL) followed by imidazole (1.2 g,17.5 mmol), triethylamine (1.4 mL, 10 mmol), and lastlytert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (900 mg, 6 mmol). The brownheterogeneous mixture is left to stir at room temperature and monitoredby LC-MS. Additional portions of imidazole, triethylamine andtert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride are added as necessary until completeconversion to the TBS protected phenol is observed by LC-MS. After 4hours, the reaction is worked up by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(50 mL) and extracted 3 times with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers are washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to provide the crudedesired product as a tan oil, 3.94 g. The crude product is contaminatedwith DMF, TBSOH and imidazole, and is carried forward withoutpurification. LC-MS: 324.2 m/z [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm6.98-7.02 (m, 2H) 6.73-6.77 (m, 2H) 3.69 (s, 3H) 3.06 (d, J=13.21 Hz,1H) 2.73 (d, J=13.45 Hz, 1H) 1.38 (s, 3H) 0.98 (s, 9H) 0.19 (s, 6H).

Step 3: Synthesis of methyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoate(Int-7C)

To a 100 mL round-bottom flask is added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.5g, 7 mmol) followed by dichloromethane (10 mL). The crude Int-7B (3.94g, assume 5.1 mmol) is added as a solution in 15 mL dichloromethane. Thereaction is stirred at room temperature for 5 days, with additionalportions of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate added as necessary to push thereaction to completion. After 5 days LC-MS analysis indicates completeconversion of the starting material to the desired product. The reactionmixture is worked up by the addition of water (50 mL) and is extracted 3times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washed withbrine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporationto provide the desired crude product as a pale orange oil, 5.19 g. Thecrude product is contaminated with imidazole and TBSOH, and is carriedforward without further purification. LC-MS: 324.2 m/z [M-Boc+H]⁺, 446.2m/z [M+Na]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 6.93 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 6.74(d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 5.1 (br s, 1H) 3.74 (s, 3H) 3.3 (br s, 1H) 3.08-3.15(m, 1H) 1.63 (s, 9H) 1.56 (s, 3H) 0.98 (s, 9H) 0.19 (s, 6H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)carbamate(Int-7D)

To a 250 mL round-bottom flask containing substrate Int-7C (5.19 g,assume 5.1 mmol) is added THE (25 mL). The solution is brought to 0° C.using an ice bath, and a solution of LiBH₄ (4N in THF, 4 mL, 16 mmol) isadded dropwise over 5 minutes. The reaction is allowed to warm to roomtemperature with stirring over 4 hours. Additional LiBH₄ (1.5 mL, 6mmol) is added and the reaction is stirred at room temperature for anadditional 16 hours, after which time LC-MS analysis indicates completeconversion to the desired alcohol product. The reaction is worked up byslowly, carefully pouring into 30 mL saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, and isextracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers arewashed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated by rotaryevaporation to provide a pale yellow oil. The product is purified bycolumn chromatography (0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide theproduct as a colorless oil which solidifies into a white solid at roomtemperature, 1.74 g (4.4 mmol, 86% yield over 4 steps fromα-methyl-L-tyrosine). LC-MS: 296.2 m/z [M-Boc+H]+, 418.2 m/z [M+Na]⁺; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.04 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 6.78 (d, J=8.31 Hz,2H) 4.48 (br s, 1H) 4.24 (br s, 1H) 3.61-3.72 (m, 2H) 3.08 (br d,J=13.94 Hz, 1H) 2.75 (d, J=13.69 Hz, 1H) 1.47 (s, 9H) 1.06 (s, 3H) 0.99(s, 9H) 0.20 (s, 6H).

Step 5: Synthesis of(S)-2-amino-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol(Int-7E)

To a 100 mL round-bottom flask, open to air, is added substrate Int-7D(1.04 g, 2.6 mmol). Then, dichloromethane (15 mL) is added and thecolorless homogeneous solution is brought to 0° C. using an ice bath.Trifluoroacetic acid (1.4 mL, 5 mmol) is added dropwise over 5 minutes.The ice bath is removed and the solution is allowed to warm to roomtemperature overnight with stirring (16 hours), after which time LC-MSanalysis indicates complete conversion of starting material to a mixtureof the desired product and its trifluoroacetate ester (LC-MS: 392.2 m/z[M+H]+) with no concomitant loss of the TBS group and only trace (<2%)isobutylene incorporation. The reaction is worked up by rotaryevaporation and pump-dried to remove all volatiles to afford the productas a pale pink oil, 1.63 g. The crude product is contaminated withtrifluoroacetic acid, as well as its labile trifluoroacetate ester, butis carried forward without further purification. Characterization ofdesired free alcohol product: LC-MS: 296.2 m/z [M+H]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.04 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 6.78 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 4.34-4.43(m, 2H) 3.64-3.76 (m, 1H) 2.96-3.08 (m, 1H) 2.92 (s, 1H) 0.99(overlapping s, 12H) 0.20 (s, 6H).

Step 6: Synthesis of(S)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol(Int-7F)

To a 100 mL round-bottom flask is added the crude primary aminesubstrate Int-7E (1.63 g, assume 2.5 mmol), followed by acetonitrile (15mL) and water (1.5 mL). The colorless homogeneous solution is cooled to0° C. in an ice bath. To the reaction mixture is added 37% aqueousformaldehyde (0.60 mL, 8 mmol) followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (943mg, 15 mmol), and the reaction is stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. Then,acetic acid (0.86 mL, 15 mmol) is added. Additional portions offormaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride are added to push the reactionto completion, and additional water is added to maintain a homogeneoussolution. The reaction is stirred for 2 hours after which time LC-MSanalysis indicates complete conversion to the desired product, alongwith trace undesired TBS deprotection. The reaction is worked up byaddition of 50 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and extracted 3 times with10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washedwith brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated by rotaryevaporation. The residue obtained is purified by column chromatography(0 to 15% methanol with 1% NH₄OH in DCM) using an Evaporative LightScattering Detector (ELSD) for peak visualization to afford the desiredcompound as a colorless oil (715 mg, 88% yield over 2 steps fromBoc-protected amine). LC-MS: 324.3 m/z [M+H]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δppm 7.07-7.12 (m, 2H) 6.80-6.84 (m, 2H) 4.39 (s, 1H) 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H)3.52-3.59 (m, 1H) 3.12 (d, J=12.96 Hz, 1H) 2.94 (s, 6H) 2.83 (d, J=12.96Hz, 1H) 1.25 (s, 3H) 0.99 (s, 9H) 0.21 (s, 6H).

Step 7: Synthesis of(S)-1-azido-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-N,N,2-trimethylpropan-2-amine(Int-7G)

To a scintillation vial containing amino alcohol substrate Int-7F (559mg, 1.73 mmol) is added THE (10 mL), followed by triethylamine (1.4 mL,10 mmol). The homogeneous mixture is cooled to 0° C. using an ice bath.Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.31 mL, 4 mmol) is added dropwise over 5minutes, resulting in a yellow heterogeneous suspension. Theintermediate mesylate formed (LC-MS 496.2 m/z [M+Na]⁺) is highlyreactive and can easily hydrolyze back to the starting alcohol orundergo substitution to form a vicinal aminochloride (LC-MS 342.2, 344.2m/z [M+H]⁺) if allowed to warm to room temperature. After 10 minutes ofstirring at 0° C., an aqueous solution of sodium azide (650 mg, 10mmol/5 mL water) is added portionwise over 30 seconds, and the biphasicclear yellow mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature withvigorous stirring for 15 minutes. The reaction is quickly worked up bypouring into 20 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and extracted 3 times withethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washed with brine, driedover MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation to providethe crude product as a pale yellow oil (650 mg), which is taken forwardwithout further purification. LC-MS: 349.3 m/z [M+H]; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.05-7.13 (m, 2H) 6.79-6.88 (m, 2H) 2.80-3.02 (m, 4H) 2.72(br s, 6H) 1.41 (s, 3H) 0.98 (s, 9H) 0.20 (s, 6H).

Step 8. Synthesis of(S)-3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-N²,N²,2-trimethylpropane-1,2-diamine(Int-7H)

To the crude amino azide substrate Int-7G (650 mg, assume 1.73 mmol) ina 250 mL round-bottom flask is added THE (10 mL), and the solution iscooled to 0° C. in an ice bath. Lithium aluminum hydride (1M/THF, 4 mL,4 mmol) is added dropwise over 5 minutes, the ice bath is removed andthe pale yellow homogeneous solution is allowed to warm to roomtemperature with stirring. Additional lithium aluminum hydride is addedas necessary to push the reaction to completion. After 2 hours, LC-MSanalysis indicates complete conversion of the azide. The reaction isworked up by addition of 50 mL 1M potassium sodium tartrate and 50 mLethyl acetate. A 1-inch bar-shaped stirbar is used to vigorously stirthe biphasic mixture for 24 hours at room temperature until both theorganic and aqueous layers are clear. 50 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ isadded, and the aqueous layer is extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate.The combined organic layers are washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue obtained ispurified by column chromatography (0 to 10% methanol in DCM) using anEvaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) for peak visualization toafford the desired vicinal diamine as a colorless oil (331 mg, 1.02mmol, 59% yield over 2 steps from the amino alcohol). LC-MS: 323.3 m/z[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 6.98-7.11 (m, 2H) 6.78-6.90 (m,2H) 3.97 (br s, 2H) 2.89 (s, 6H) 2.77-2.83 (m, 1H) 2.69-2.75 (m, 1H)1.28 (s, 3H) 0.99 (s, 9H) 0.22 (s, 6H).

Example C1

Synthesis of(S)-4-chloro-N-(3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-3,5-difluorobenzamide(Compound C-1)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme C1, starting withInt-2H (intermediate 2H, 30.9 mg, 0.135 mmol),4-chloro-3,5-difluorobenzoic acid (31.2 mg, 0.162 mmol) to afford 33.0mg (61%) of title compound. LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=403.1, 405.1. ¹H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.52 (d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H) 7.14 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H)6.80 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H) 6.67 (dd, J=8.31, 2.69 Hz, 1H) 3.46-3.56 (m, 1H)3.36-3.42 (m, 1H) 3.15-3.23 (m, 1H) 3.07 (dd, J=13.57, 4.28 Hz, 1H) 2.61(dd, J=13.69, 9.54 Hz, 1H) 2.44 (s, 6H).

Example C2

Synthesis of(S)—N-(3-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,4-dimethylbenzenamide(Compound C-2)

Int-2H (intermediate 2H, 30 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added3,4-dimethyl benzoic acid (22 mg, 0.14 mmol), EDC (28 mg, 0.14 mmol),HOBT (9 mg, 0.07 mmol) and IPEA (50 mg, 0.39 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. Water and EtOAc were added.The organic layer was washed with water (×3) and concentrated. Theresidue was chromatographed (Silica gel, DCM/10% MeOH in DCM=9:1 to 0:1)to afford the title compound as a white solid, 27 mg (58%). LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=361. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.50 (d, J=1.96 Hz, 1H), 7.46(dd, J=7.83, 1.96 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.07, 1 Hz), 7.15 (d, J=8.31 Hz,1H), 6.81 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (dd, J=8.44 2.57 Hz, 1H), 3.50-3.40(m, 2H), 3.21-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.07 (d, J=13.69, 4.65 Hz, 1H), 2.64 (dd,J=13.57, 9.42 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 6H), 2.31 (s, 6H).

Example C3

Synthesis of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl)benzamide(Compound C-3)

To a 1-dram vial is added Int-7H (31.7 mg, 0.098 mmol), followed by DMF(0.5 mL) and DIEA (0.07 mL, 0.4 mmol). To this solution is added3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (26.7 mg, 0.14 mmol) as a solution in DMF (0.5mL), and the colorless homogeneous solution is cooled to 0° C. in an icebath. Lastly, solid HATU (76 mg, 0.2 mmol) is added to the solution allat once. The ice bath is removed and the yellow homogeneous solution isallowed to warm to room temperature over the course of 2 hours, afterwhich time LC-MS analysis indicates complete amide-bond formation toform the intermediate(S)—N-(3-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide,which is not directly isolated (LC-MS: 495.2, 497.2, 499.2 m/z [M+H]⁺).To the reaction mixture is added 2 mL 1M NaOH and 2 mL methanol, and thereaction is stirred vigorously for 48 hours at room temperature, afterwhich time LC-MS analysis indicates complete phenolic TBS deprotectionto the desired final product. The reaction is worked up by addition of50 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous layers are extracted 3 timeswith ethyl acetate, the combined organic layers washed once with brine,then dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent removed by rotaryevaporation. The oily residue obtained is purified by columnchromatography (0 to 15% methanol with 1% NH₄OH in DCM) using anEvaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) for peak visualization toafford the desired compound as a colorless oil, 20.7 mg (0.054 mmol, 55%yield over 2 steps from primary amine). LC-MS: 381.1, 383.1, 385.1 m/z[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.79 (t, J=1.22 Hz, 1H) 7.48 (d,J=0.98 Hz, 2H) 6.99-7.04 (m, 2H) 6.71-6.75 (m, 2H) 6.66 (s, 1H) 3.21 (d,J=13.45 Hz, 1H) 3.03-3.09 (m, 1H) 3.00 (d, J=13.94 Hz, 1H) 2.54 (br d,J=12.72 Hz, 1H) 2.45 (s, 6H) 1.44 (s, 3H).

Example C4

Synthesis of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-4) Step 1: Preparation of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide

A mixture of Int-6G (0.13 g, 0.35 mmole), 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid 0.067g, 0.35 mmole), HOBT (0.03 g, 0.18 mmole), EDC (0.08 g, 0.42 mmole), andDIEA (0.12 g, 0.87 mmole) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 16 h. H₂Owas added, and the solid was collected, washed with H₂O, dried andpurified by ISCO (0-10% MeOH/DCM) to give(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(0.08 g, 42%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 545.1.

Step 2: Preparation of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-4)

A mixture of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(0.08 g, 0.14 mmole) and K₂CO₃ (0.1 g, 0.71 mmole) in MeOH (5 mL) wasstirred at 70° C. in 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, concentrated,taken up in H₂O, the solid was collected, dried and purified by ISCO(0-10% MeOH/DCM) to give(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(0.01 g, 20%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 12.93 (s, 1H), 8.38 (t,J=5.38 Hz, 1H), 7.91-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.44(d, J=8.56 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.25 (m, 1H), 3.44 (ddd, J=13.57, 7.83, 5.75Hz, 1H), 3.19 (dt, J=13.63, 5.53 Hz, 1H), 2.97-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.96(m, 1H), 2.57 (dd, J=13.82, 7.95 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI)M+H: 391.1.

Example C5

Synthesis of(S)-3-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-4-methoxybenzamide(Compound C-5)

(S)-3-Chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-4-methoxybenzamidewas synthesized according to Scheme C1 using Int-1G and3-chloro-4-methoxybenzoic acid as the starting materials (68% yield).LC-MS: 391.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.05 (m,1H), 7.78-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.40 (s,2H), 3.900 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.61 (m,1H), 2.48-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 2.20 (s, 6H).

Example C6

Synthesis of(S)-4-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-3-fluorobenzamide(Compound C-6)

(S)-4-Chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-3-fluorobenzamidewas synthesized according to Scheme C1 using Int-1G and4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid as the starting materials (68% yield).LC-MS: 379.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.23 (m,1H), 7.78-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.64 (m, 2H), 6.40 (s, 2H), 3.47-3.38 (m,1H), 3.01-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s,6H), 2.20 (s, 6H).

Example C7

Synthesis of(S)-3,4-Dichloro-N-(3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-7)

Int-2H (intermediate 2H, 30 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (25 mg, 0.13 mmol), EDC (27 mg, 0.14 mmol),HOBT (8 mg, 0.06 mmol) and IPEA (42 mg, 0.33 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. Water and EtOAc were added.The organic layer was washed with water (×3) and concentrated. Theresidue was chromatographed (Silica gel, DCM/10% MeOH in DCM=5:1 to 0:1)to afford the title compound as a white solid, 28 mg (54%). LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=402. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.91 (d, J=1.71 Hz, 1H),7.67-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H),6.68 (dd, J=8.31, 2.45 Hz, 1H), 3.54-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.37 (m, 1H),3.23-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.07 (dd, J=13.69, 4.40 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (dd, J=13.69,9.54 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 6H).

Example C8

Synthesis of(S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-N-(3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-8)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme C1, starting withInt-2H (intermediate 2H, 136 mg, 0.595 mmol) and 4-bromo-3-chlorobenzoicacid (154 mg, 0.655 mmol) to afford 110 mg (42%) of title compound. LCMS(+ESI) M+H+=445.0, 447.0, 449.0. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 9.55(br s, 1H) 8.29 (t, J=5.38 Hz, 1H) 7.92 (d, J=1.96 Hz, 1H) 7.80 (d,J=8.31 Hz, 1H) 7.60 (dd, J=8.31, 1.96 Hz, 1H) 7.07 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H)6.70 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H) 6.60 (dd, J=8.31, 2.45 Hz, 1H) 3.37 (ddd,J=13.63, 8.13, 5.87 Hz, 1H) 3.04 (dt, J=13.57, 5.44 Hz, 1H) 2.87-2.96(m, 1H) 2.76 (dd, J=13.82, 5.75 Hz, 1H) 2.41-2.48 (m, 1H) 2.22 (s, 6H).

Examples C10-C18

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-(2-Chlorobenzamido)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide(Compound C-10)

Int-5H (60 mg, 0.23 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1 ml) with2-chlorobenzoic acid (30 mg, 0.27 mmol) and HATU (105 mg, 0.27 mmol) wasadded. Diisopropylethylamine (48 mL, 0.30 mmol) was then added and thesolution was stirred at room temperature. After completion of thereaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by reversephase chromatography using a gradient of water/acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA.The solution of the product was neutralized by adding aqueous NaOHsolution. The product was extracted into dichloromethane, filteredthrough magnesium sulfate and then concentrated to give the product as awhite powder (33 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.87 (br s,1H) 7.31-7.44 (m, 5H) 7.23-7.29 (m, 2H) 6.47 (br s, 1H) 5.41 (br s, 2H)3.89-3.96 (m, 1H) 3.79-3.87 (m, 1H) 3.42 (ddd, J=14.80, 4.89, 3.30 Hz,1H) 3.14-3.20 (m, 1H) 2.96-3.09 (m, 10H) 2.37-2.41 (m, 6H). MS: ESI 402[M+H]⁺.

The Compounds of Table 4 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C10 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 4 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-11 0.113 g, 18.5%; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 8.28 (br dd, J = 8.31, 3.67 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J =8.56 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.80 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (s, 2H), 3.52 (br dd, J =4.77, 1.59 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dt, J = 14.12, 5.04 Hz, 2H), 2.81-2.91 (m,1H), 2.75 (d, J = 4.40 Hz, 3H), 2.57-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 12H). LC-MS(+ESI) M + H: 402.2. C-12 0.008 g, 12.1%; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δppm 8.47 (t, J = 5.01 Hz, 1H), 8.22-8.33 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.82 (m, 3H),7.45 (s, 2H), 3.46-3.58 (m, 1H), 2.96-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.92 (m, 1H),2.75 (d, J = 4.65 Hz, 3H), 2.56-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.33 (s,6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 436.1. C-13 17 mg, 33%); LCMS (+ESI) M + H⁺ =420.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.51-7.66 (m, 5 H) 3.89-4.07(m, 2 H) 3.75 (d, J = 4.89 Hz, 1 H) 3.16- 3.28 (m, 5 H) 3.12 (s, 3 H)2.92 (s, 3 H) 2.51 (s, 6 H) C-14 7 mg, 13%; LCMS (+ESI) M + H⁺ = 420.2.¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.79 (dd, J = 7.09, 2.20 Hz, 1 H)7.63 (ddd, J = 8.68, 4.52, 2.20 Hz, 1 H) 7.45 (s, 2 H) 7.21 (t, J = 8.80Hz, 1 H) 3.80-3.91 (m, 2 H) 3.22-3.26 (m, 1 H) 3.08- 3.18 (m, 2 H) 3.07(s, 3 H) 3.00 (s, 3 H) 2.80 (s, 3 H) 2.39 (s, 6 H) 1.19 (s, 1 H). C-150.009 g, 21.5%; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d4): δ ppm 7.46 (s, 2H), 7.23 (s,1H), 7.16 (d, J = 0.98 Hz, 2H), 3.46-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.24 (m, 2H),3.04 (dd, J = 13.69, 4.16 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.49(s, 6H), 2.43 (s, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 416.2. C-160.005 g, 8.5%; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 9.80-9.94 (m, 1H),8.49-8.62 (m, 1H), 8.26-8.39 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 1.71 Hz, 1H), 7.54(s, 2H), 7.42-7.50 (m, 2H), 4.02-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.21(br d, J = 1.22 Hz, 1H), 3.03- 3.07 (m, 1H), 3.01 (br d, J = 4.65 Hz,3H), 2.94 (br d, J = 4.65 Hz, 3H), 2.76 (d, J = 4.65 Hz, 3H), 2.41 (s,6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 436.1. C-17 0.005 g, 12.6%; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6): δ ppm 8.16-8.29 (m, 1H), 7.95-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.80Hz, 2H), 7.44 (s, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.80 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H),3.43-3.55 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.69 (m,1H), 2.35 (br s, 6H), 2.33 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 398.3. C-180.0173 g, 38.4%; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 8.16-8.31 (m, 1H),7.74 (br t, J = 5.14 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.58 Hz, 1H),6.95-7.06 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.46 (m, 1H), 2.94-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.86 (dd, J =13.57, 5.26 Hz, 1H), 2.76 (d, J = 4.65 Hz, 3H), 2.63 (dd, J = 13.69,7.83 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (s, 12H), 2.28 (d, J = 5.38 Hz, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M +H: 396.2.

Example C19

Synthesis of(S)-4-chloro-N-(3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-3-fluorobenzamide(Compound C-19)

The title compound was prepared according to Scheme C1, starting withInt-2H (intermediate 2H, 102 mg, 0.445 mmol) and4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid (85.5 mg, 0.490 mmol) to afford 115 mg(67%) of title compound. LCMS (+ESI) M+H+=385.1, 387.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.63 (d, J=9.97 Hz, 1H) 7.53-7.58 (m, 2H) 7.14 (d,J=8.56 Hz, 1H) 6.80 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H) 6.68 (dd, J=8.44, 2.57 Hz, 1H)3.47-3.54 (m, 1H) 3.36-3.43 (m, 1H) 3.18 (tt, J=9.08, 4.86 Hz, 1H) 3.07(dd, J=13.69, 4.40 Hz, 1H) 2.62 (dd, J=13.69, 9.29 Hz, 1H) 2.44 (s, 6H).

Examples C₂₀-C₂₂

Synthesis of(S)—N-(3-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(di-methylaminopropyl)-4-cyclopropylbenzamide(Compound C-20)

Int-2H (intermediate 2H, 25 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added4-cyclopropylbenzoic acid (18 mg, 0.11 mmol), EDC (23 mg, 0.12 mmol),HOBT (8 mg, 0.06 mmol) and IPEA (36 mg, 0.28 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. Water and EtOAc were added.The organic layer was washed with water (×3) and concentrated. Theresidue was chromatographed (Silica gel, DCM/10% MeOH in DCM=5:1 to 0:1)to afford the title compound as a white solid, 16 mg (39%). LCMS (+ESI)M+H⁺=373. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.11(m, 3H), 6.81 (d, J=2.69 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (dd, J=13.69, 2.69 Hz, 1H),3.52-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.16 (m, 1H), 3.07 (dd, J=13.57, 4.52 Hz, 1H),2.63 (dd, J=13.69, 9.29 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 6H), 2.00-1.92 (m, 1H),1.09-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.73 (m, 2H).

The Compounds of Table 5 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C20 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 5 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-21 White solid, 15 mg (40%).LCMS (+ESI) M + H+ = 368. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.75-7.71 (m,2 H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 2 H) 7.15 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 1 H), 6.81 (d, J = 2.45Hz, 1 H), 6.68 (dd, J = 8.44, 2.57 Hz, 1 H), 3.53 (dd, J = 13.94, 8.56Hz, 1 H), 3.39 (dd, J = 13.94, 5.38 Hz, 1 H), 3.20 (dt, J = 8.4, 4.55Hz, 1 H), 3.08 (dd, J = 13.57, 4.52 Hz, 1 H), 2.63 (dd, J = 13.57, 9.42Hz, 1 H), 2.46 (s, 6 H). C-22 white solid (22.5 mg, 54%). LCMS (+ESI)M + H⁺ = 367.1, 369.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.77 (t, J =1.83 Hz, 1 H) 7.66 (dt, J = 7.76, 1.38 Hz, 1 H) 7.53 (ddd, J = 8.07,2.08, 1.10 Hz, 1 H) 7.43 (t, J = 7.95 Hz, 1 H) 7.15 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 1H) 6.81 (d, J = 2.45 Hz, 1 H) 6.68 (dd, J = 8.31, 2.45 Hz, 1 H)3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H) 3.37-3.44 (m, 1 H) 3.15-3.23 (m, 1 H) 3.07 (dd, J =13.69, 4.65 Hz, 1 H) 2.63 (dd, J = 13.57, 9.42 Hz, 1 H) 2.45 (s, 6 H)

Example C23

(S)-3-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-23)

To a stirred solution of (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)phenol(21 mg, 0.08 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (3 mL) was added EDCI (92 mg,0.48 mmol, 1.5 equiv), HOBt (65 mg, 0.48 mmol, 1.5 equiv),3-chlorobenzoic acid (55 mg, 0.35 mmol, 1.1 equiv), and DIPEA (340 μL,1.92 mmol, 6 equiv). After 2 h, the solution was diluted with water andextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with aq.NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated.The residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel(0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford a white solid (26 mg, 26% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.70-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.47(m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 6.68-6.78 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.63 (m, 1H),3.15-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.03 (m, 3H), 2.45 (s, 5H), 2.27-2.40 (m, 3H),1.96 (s, 2H). LCMS: 332.2 [M]⁺.

Examples C24-C31

Synthesis of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-24

Compound C-16 was synthesized according to Scheme C1 using Int-1G and3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid as the starting materials (78% yield). LC-MS:395.2 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.32 (m, 1H),8.01 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.39 (s, 2H), 3.40-3.55 (m, 1H),3.02-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 6H),2.18 (s, 6H). The Compounds of Table 6 were prepared in the same methodas described in Example C24 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 6 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-25 89% yield; LC-MS: 361.2[M + 1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.24 (m, 1H), 7.82(s, 1H), 7.78-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.46 (m, 2H), 6.40 (s, 2H), 3.52-3.47(m, 1H), 3.01-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.47- 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.33(s, 6H), 2.20 (s, 6H) C-26 56% yield; LC-MS: 429.2 [M + 1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.48 (m, 1H), 8.05(s, 1H), 7.96-7.90 (m,2H), 6.40 (s, 2H), 3.51-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.68 (m,1H), 2.49-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.20 (s, 6H) C-27 0.019 g, 19.6%;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.89 (br s, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J = 9.66,1.83 Hz, 2H), 7.98-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J = 8.56, 1.71 Hz, 1H), 7.64(d, J = 8.80 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 2.20, 0.73 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 2H),3.39- 3.56 (m, 1 H), 3.28 (br s, 1H), 3.00-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.99 (m,1H), 2.66- 2.80 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.46 (m, 6H), 2.22 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI)M + H: 429.2. C-28 white solid, 29 mg (70%). LCMS (+ESI) M + H+ = 355.¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.45 (d, J = 1.96 Hz, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J= 7.70, 2.08 Hz, 1 H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.58 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (s, 2 H), 3.55(dd, J = 13.69, 8.56 Hz, 1 H), 3.25 (dd, J = 13.57, 5.26 Hz, 1 H),3.16-3.07 (m, 1 H), 2.93 (dd, J = 13.94, 4.40 Hz, 1 H), 2.73 (dd, J =13.94, 10.52, 1 H), 2.50 (s, 6H), 2.31-2.30 (m, 12 H) C-29 7 mg (13%) oftitle compound. LCMS (+ESI) M + H⁺ = 397.2, 399.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.48 (d, J = 8.46 Hz, 2 H) 6.47 (s, 2 H) 4.84-4.89(m, 1 H) 3.56 (dd, J = 13.69, 9.05 Hz, 1 H) 3.20-3.26 (m, 1 H) 3.15(ddt, J = 10.58, 9.23, 4.52, 4.52 Hz, 1 H) 2.93 (dd, J = 14.06, 4.03 Hz,1 H) 2.65-2.74 (m, 1 H) 2.49 (s, 6 H) 2.31 (s, 6 H) C-30 white powder(55 mg, 60%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.53-7.70 (m, 3 H)7.19 (br s, 1 H) 6.53 (s, 2 H) 3.43-3.52 (m, 1 H) 3.22 (br t, J = 11.74Hz, 1 H) 2.85-3.05 (m, 2 H) 2.56-2.74 (m, 1 H) 2.50 (br s, 6H) 2.23 (brs, 6H) MS: ESI 413 [M + H]+ C-31 (0.062 g, 74.5%); ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6): δ ppm 8.89 (br s, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J = 9.66, 1.83 Hz, 2H),7.98-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J = 8.56, 1.71 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.80Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 2.20, 0.73 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.56 (m,1H), 3.28 (br s, 1H), 3.00-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.80(m, 1H), 2.28-2.46 (m, 6H), 2.22 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 367.1.

Examples C32-C35

Synthesis of(S)—N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(Compound C-32)

To a 1-dram vial is added amine substrate Int-1G (36.2 mg, 0.16 mmol),DMF (0.5 mL) and DIEA (0.1 mL, 0.57 mmol). To the amine solution isadded 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (34.1 mg, 0.18 mmol) as a solutionin DMF (0.5 mL). The homogeneous solution is cooled to 0° C. using anice bath. Lastly, HATU (114 mg, 0.3 mmol) is added as a solid all atonce. The ice bath is removed and the solution is allowed to warm toroom temperature with stirring for 1 hour, after which time LC-MSanalysis indicates complete conversion to the desired product. Thereaction is worked up by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL)and is extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layersare washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated byrotary evaporation. The obtained residue is purified by columnchromatography (0 to 15% methanol with 1% NH₄OH in DCM) using anEvaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) for peak visualization toafford the desired compound as a colorless oil (15.1 mg, 24% yield).LC-MS: 395.2 m/z [M+H]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.85 (br d,J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 7.66 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H) 6.52 (s, 2H) 3.44-3.56 (m, 1H)3.23-3.35 (m, 1H) 3.00-3.15 (br s, 1H) 2.94 (dd, J=13.69, 3.42 Hz, 1H)2.67 (br dd, J=13.45, 11.49 Hz, 1H) 2.55 (s, 6H) 2.29 (s, 6H).

The Compounds of Table 7 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C32 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 7 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-33 white solid (55.0 mg, 97%yield). LC-MS: 377.3 m/z [M + H]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 9.08(br s, 1 H) 8.37 (s, 1 H) 7.96-8.03 (m, 3 H) 7.86-7.90 (m, 1 H)7.58-7.65 (m, 3 H) 6.48 (s, 2 H) 3.44-3.95 (br m, 2 H) 3.08-3.15 (m, 1H) 2.82-2.91 (m, 1 H) 2.41 (br s, 6H) 2.27 (s, 6 H) C-34 colorless oil(52.4 mg, 93% yield). LC-MS: 378.3 m/z [M + H]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,d6-DMSO) δ ppm 9.15 (br s, 2 H) 8.55 (d, J = 5.38 Hz, 2 H) 8.05 (br d, J= 8.31 Hz, 2 H) 7.82 (t, J = 7.34 Hz, 1 H) 7.73 (br d, J = 7.09 Hz, 1 H)6.46 (br s, 2 H) 3.71-4.02 (m, 1 H) 3.17-3.27 (m, 1 H) 2.70-3.10 (br m,2 H) 2.40 (br s, 6 H) 2.26 (s, 6 H) C-35 colorless oil (46.0 mg, 81%yield). LC-MS: 378.2 m/z [M + H]+; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 9.37(s, 1 H) 8.93 (br s, 1 H) 8.65 (br s, 1 H) 8.51 (s, 1 H) 8.20 (dd, J =18.10, 8.31 Hz, 2 H) 7.76-7.91 (m, 2 H) 6.44 (s, 2 H) 3.18-3.36 (m, 2 H)2.86-3.00 (m, 1 H) 2.72-2.86 (m, 1 H) 2.43 (br s, 6 H) 2.24 (s, 6 H)

Example C36

(S)-3-chloro-N-((7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide(Compound C-36)

To a stirred solution of(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol (21 mg,0.11 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added EDCI (32 mg, 0.17 mmol,1.5 equiv), HOBt (23 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.5 equiv), 3-chlorobenzoic acid (19mg, 0.12 mmol, 1.1 equiv), and DIPEA (115 μL, 0.66 mmol, 6 equiv). After4 h, the solution was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. Thecombined organic layers were washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂) to afford a white solid (21.5 mg, 59% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=7.58 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.44 (m, 2H),7.17-7.24 (m, 3H), 6.86 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (dd, J=8.19, 1.83 Hz,1H), 6.30 (br s, 1H), 3.63-3.85 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.11 (br s,2H), 2.61-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H). LCMS: 331.1 [M]⁺.

Examples C37-C40

(S)-2,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propyl) benzamide (Compound C-37)

To a stirred mixture Int-4F (0.09 g, 0.36 mmole) and DIEA (0.055 g, 0.43mmole) in DCM at 0° C. was added 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (0.082 g,0.39 mmole). After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 2 h. H₂O was added, extracted with DCM (3×). Thecombined extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified byISCO (0-10% MeOH/DCM in 1% NH₄OH) to give(S)-2,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propyl) benzamide (0.133 g, 88.5%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm8.31 (t, J=5.50 Hz, 1H), 8.06-8.19 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=1.96 Hz, 1H),7.55 (t, J=7.95 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H),7.11-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.23 (m, 1H), 2.95 (quin,J=6.79 Hz, 1H), 2.79-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.77 (d, J=4.65 Hz, 3H), 2.61-2.69(m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 426.1.

The Compounds of Table 8 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C37 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 8 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-38 58.0 mg (73%); LCMS (+ESI)M + H⁺ = 466.2, M + Na⁺ = 488.2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm7.68 (s, 1 H) 7.51 (t, J = 7.95 Hz, 1 H) 7.41-7.47 (m, 2 H) 7.01 (dd, J= 7.95, 1.34 Hz, 1 H) 6.92-6.98 (m, 1 H) 3.18-3.37 (m, 3 H) 2.87 (dd, J= 13.82, 4.77 Hz, 1 H) 2.76 (s, 3 H) 2.49 (dd, J = 13.69, 8.56 Hz, 1 H)2.23-2.41 (m, 5 H) 0.71 (dt, J = 12.11, 5.93 Hz, 1 H) 0.30-0.40 (m, 2 H)−0.01 (br d, J = 4.89 Hz, 2 H) C-39 white solid, 78 mg (76%). LCMS(+ESI) M + H+ = 426. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.04 (t, J = 8.07Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 1.96 Hz, 1 H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 2 H), 7.08 (dd, J =7.95, 1.59 Hz, 1 H), 6.94 (dd, J = 12.72, 1.47 Hz, 1 H), 6.84 (br, s, 1H), 6.65 (br, s, 1 H), 3.56 (ddd, J = 13.69, 6.85, 4.65 Hz, 1 H),3.12-3.02 (m, 2 H), 3.02-3.00 (m, 3 H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 1 H), 2.48-2.40(m, 1 H), 2.38 (s, 6 H) C-40 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 8.05-8.18(m, 1H), 7.87 (br t, J = 5.50 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (t, J = 7.95 Hz, 1H),7.09-7.22 (m, 3H), 6.98-7.07 (m, 2H), 3.33- 3.40 (m, 1H) 3.10-3.19 (m,1H), 2.93-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.77 (d, J = 4.65 Hz, 3H),2.61 (dd, J = 13.82, 6.97 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H) 2.28 (s, 9H). LC-MS(+ESI) M + H: 386.2.

Example C41

Synthesis of(S)-3-chloro-4-(3-(3-chlorobenzamido)-2-(dimethylaminopropyl)-N-methylbenzamide(Compound C-41)

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure as ExampleC17 starting with(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-chloro-N-methylbenzamide (42.3mg, 0.157 mmol), 3-chlorobenzoic acid (29.5 mg, 0.188 mmol) to afford46.0 mg (72%) of title compound. LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=408.1, 410.1. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 7.84 (d, J=1.71 Hz, 1H) 7.73 (t, J=1.83 Hz,1H) 7.68 (dd, J=7.95, 1.83 Hz, 1H) 7.65 (dt, J=7.83, 1.34 Hz, 1H)7.50-7.55 (m, 1H) 7.39-7.48 (m, 2H) 3.50-3.57 (m, 1H) 3.38-3.45 (m, 1H)3.25-3.31 (m, 1H) 3.19 (dd, J=13.45, 4.89 Hz, 1H) 2.91 (s, 3H) 2.82 (dd,J=13.45, 8.80 Hz, 1H) 2.46 (s, 6H).

Examples C42-C46

Synthesis of(S)-4-(3-(3,4-Dichlorobenzamido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamideHydrochloride (Compound C-42)

Int-5H (crude, 25 mg, 0.095 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (22 mg, 0.11 mmol), HATU (43 mg, 0.11 mmol) andIPEA (25 mg, 0.19 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperaturefor 3 hours. Water and EtOAc were added. The organic layer was washedwith water (×3) and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed(Silica gel, DCM/10% MeOH in DCM=9:1 to 0:1). The oil was added 2 N HCl(0.1 mL) in diethyl ether to afford the title compound as a salt, 2.8 mg(76%). LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=436. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4) δ 7.96 (d,J=1.96 Hz, 1H), 7.73-7.60 (m, 4H), 4.08-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.23 (m, 3H),3.22 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.55 (s, 6H).

The Compounds of Table 9 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C42 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 9 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-43 white solid, 2.1 mg (76%).LCMS (+ESI) M + H+ = 408. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 7.41-7.26 (m,4 H), 7.21-7.13 (m, 1 H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.83 Hz, 1 H), 6.70 (br, d, J =6.11 Hz, 1 H), 6.12 (br, s, 1 H), 3.43 (ddd, J = 13.45, 6.97, 4.52 Hz, 1H), 3.24-3.14 (m, 1 H), 3.03-2.90 (m, 5 H), 2.70 (dd, J = 13.08, 10.88Hz, 1 H), 2.41 (s, 6 H), 2.39 (s, 6 H), 2.22-2.12 (m, 1 H), 1.03-0.81(m, 4 H) C-44 LC-MS: 402.2 [M + 1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.58(m, 1H), 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.11(m, 2H), 2.95-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.69 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s,6H), 2.44 (s, 6H) C-45 (0.017 g, 41.4%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δppm 8.21-8.28 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.54(m, 1H), 7.41-7.47 (m, 4H), 3.62 (m, 1H) 3.31 (s, 6H), 2.99-3.08 (m,1H), 2.84-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.76 (d, J = 4.65 Hz, 3H), 2.61-2.72 (m, 1 H),2.53 (br d, J = 1.71 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 368.2C-46 LC-MS: 369.2 [M + 1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.58 (m, 1H),8.03-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.96-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 3H), 3.55-3.31 (m,3H), 3.26-2.21 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.87 (m,1H), 2.56 (s, 6H), 2.44 (s, 6H)

Examples C47-C49

Synthesis of(S)—N-(3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (Compound C-47)

Int-5H (40 mg, 0.15 mmol) was taken in dimethylformamide (0.6 ml) withpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (22 mg, 0.18 mmol) and HATU (70 mg, 0.18mmol) was added. Diisopropylethylamine (32 mL, 0.19 mmol) was then addedand the solution was stirred at room temperature. After completion ofthe reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue waspurified by reverse phase chromatography using a gradient ofwater/acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA. The solution of the product wasneutralized by adding aqueous NaOH solution. The product was extractedinto dichloromethane, filtered through magnesium sulfate and thenconcentrated to give the product as a white powder (12 mg). ¹H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 9.05 (s, 1H) 8.59-8.71 (m, 1H) 8.43-8.53 (m, 1H)7.74-8.11 (m, 1H) 7.36-7.46 (m, 2H) 3.83-4.01 (m, 2H) 3.44-3.69 (m, 1H)3.21-3.35 (m, 1H) 2.90-3.19 (m, 6H), 2.76 (br s, 3H) 2.28-2.40 (m, 6H).MS ESI 370 [M+H].

The Compounds of Table 10 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C47 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 10 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-48 (0.003 g, 6.8%). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, MeOH-d4): δ ppm 8.47 (d, J = 1.96 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 1.96Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 3.50-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.27 (m, 1H,) 3.25 (br d,J = 5.14 Hz, 1H), 3.05-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H),2.59 (br s, 6H), 2.43 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 438.3 C-49 whitepowder (12 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ ppm 8.65-8.74 (br s, 1H)8.24-8.32 (m, 2 H) 7.50-7.56 (m, 3 H) 3.62-3.70 (br s, 1 H) 3.10- 3.20(m, 2 H) 2.82-3.30 (m 3 H), 2.76-2.78 (s, 6 H) 2.52-2.54 (m, 3 H) 2.40(s, 6 H) 2.27-2.37 (m, 3 H)

Examples C50-C52 Synthesis of(S)-2,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide (Compound C-50)

To a solution of Int-6G (200 mg, 0.54 mmol) in dry DCM (4 mL) was addedDIPEA (0.32 mL, 1.88 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and asolution of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (16 mg, 0.69 mmol) in dry DCM(2 mL) was added dropwise over 5 min. The mixture was stirred from 0° C.to room temperature overnight. The crude mixture was diluted with ethylacetate and washed with sat. NaHCO₃ solution and water. The organiclayer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. After filtration andconcentration, the crude material was purified on 12 g silica gelcolumn, eluted with 10% MeOH in DCM: DCM (0-25%) to provide the desiredintermediate (about 193 mg), which was not pure and used directly in thenext step. LC-MS: 545.1 [M+1]⁺.

The above intermediate was dissolved in methanol (7 mL), then potassiumcarbonate (400 mg, 2.89 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture wasstirred at 55° C. for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperatureand diluted with ethyl acetate and water, the aqueous later wasextracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers weredried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crudematerial was purified on 80 g silica gel column, eluted with 10% MeOH inDCM: DCM (0-40%) to provide the desired product as a white solid. (42mg, 20% for two steps). LC-MS: 391.1 [M+1]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d₆) δ7.98 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.22(m, 1H), 3.53-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.46(s, 6H).

The Compounds of Table 11 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C50 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 11 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-51 (0.025 g, 42.2%); 1H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 12.92 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.75 (t, J = 5.38Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.56 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J = 8.56,1.47 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.83 Hz, 1H), 6.92-7.04 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.39(m, 1H), 3.13-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.87-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.30(s, 6 H), 2.28 (d, J = 3.42 Hz, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 351.2. C-52(0.011 g, 30%); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 12.92 (s, 1H), 8.32 (brdd, J = 6.85, 3.67 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J = 1.71 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H),7.56 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.56 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J= 8.56, 1.47 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (br s, 1H), 3.11-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.99 (dt, J =8.80, 4.40 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.51-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H),2.33 (s, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 352.2.

Examples C53-C54

Synthesis of(S)—N-((7-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamide(Compound C-53)

To a stirred solution of(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol (75 mg,0.39 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added CDI (70 mg, 0.43 mmol,1.1 equiv) under nitrogen. After 3.5 h, DIPEA (136 uL, 0.78 mmol, 2equiv) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (59 uL, 0.47 mmol, 1.2 equiv)were added and allowed to stir overnight. The solution was thenconcentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) toafford a white solid (78.8 mg, 57% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ9.17 (br s, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.01-7.19 (m, 5H), 6.87 (d, J=8.31 Hz,1H), 6.68 (dd, J=8.19, 2.57 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (d, J=2.45 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t,J=4.65 Hz, 1H), 4.45-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.77 (m, 5H), 2.91-3.00 (m, 1H),2.81 (t, J=5.87 Hz, 2H), 2.66-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 2H). LCMS: 352.2[M]⁺.

The Compounds of Table 12 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C53 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 12 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-54 white solid (19.9 mg, 50%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.85 (d, J = 2.20 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (dd,J = 8.31, 1.96 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 1 H), 6.87-6.95 (m, 2 H),6.59 (dd, J = 8.19, 2.57 Hz, 1 H), 6.45 (d, J = 2.45 Hz, 1 H), 3.65-3.80(m, 3 H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 3 H), 2.96-3.03 (m, 1 H), 2.67- 2.81 (m, 2 H),2.43 (s, 3 H). LCMS: 365.1 [M]

Example C55

Synthesis of(S)—N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyphenyl)propyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamide(Compound C-55)

To a stirred solution of Int-1G (62.7 mg, 0.28 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF(4 mL) was added CDI (47 mg, 0.29 mmol, 1.04 equiv) under nitrogen.After 3.5 h, DIPEA (100 uL, 0.56 mmol, 2 equiv) and1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (42 uL, 0.34 mmol, 1.2 equiv) were addedand allowed to stir overnight. The solution was then concentrated undervacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a light yellowsolid (53.0 mg, 50% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.66-7.85 (m, 1H),7.26-7.39 (m, 4H), 6.75 (s, 2H), 5.58 (dd, J=5.62, 2.69 Hz, 1H),4.57-4.67 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.97-3.11 (m,4H), 2.71-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.67 (m, 6H), 2.35-2.49 (m, 6H). LCMS:382.3 [M]⁺.

Example C56

(S)-4-(3-(3,4-dichlorobenzamido)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3,5-dimethylphenylacetate (Compound C-56)

To a stirred solution of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-24) (200 mg, 0.46 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry THE (10 mL) wasadded NAHCO₃ (80 mg, 0.92 mmol, 2 equiv) and acetic anhydride (219 μL,2.32 mmol, 5 equiv). After 18 h, the solution was filtered, rinsed withethyl acetate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel (0-10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1%NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (178 mg, 89% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 10.13 (br s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (br t, J=4.40Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.31, 2.20 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 6.77(s, 2H), 3.26-3.51 (m, 4H), 2.91-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.76 (dd, J=13.69, 11.49Hz, 1H), 2.60 (s, 6H), 2.22-2.45 (m, 9H), 1.87-2.04 (m, 3H). LCMS: 437.1[M].

Example C57

(S)-4,5-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide(Compound C-57)

To a stirred solution of (Int-1G) (26 mg, 0.12 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF(2 mL) was added EDCI (35 mg, 0.18 mmol, 1.5 equiv), HOBt (24 mg, 0.18mmol, 1.5 equiv), 4,5-dichloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid (27 mg, 0.13 mmol,1.1 equiv), and DIPEA (126 μL, 0.72 mmol, 6 equiv). After 4 h, thesolution was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combinedorganic layers were washed with aq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (22.5 mg, 45% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.08 (d, J=7.34 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 1H),6.48 (s, 2H), 3.42-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.24 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.96 (m, 2H),2.53-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.47 (m, 6H), 2.22-2.30 (m, 6H). LCMS: 413.1[M].

Example C58

(S)—N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamide(Compound C-58)

To a stirred solution of Int-4F (50 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry DMF (2mL) was added CDI (33 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After stirring at RT for4 h under nitrogen, DIPEA (70 μL, 0.4 mmol, 2 equiv) and1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (30 μL, 0.24 mmol, 1.2 equiv) were addedand continued to stir overnight. The solution was concentrated undervacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid(26.1 mg, 32% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.99 (t, J=8.19 Hz, 1H),6.99-7.20 (m, 6H), 6.93 (dd, J=12.84, 1.59 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (br dd,J=11.49, 4.65 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (br d, J=6.11 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (s, 2H),3.47-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.37 (ddd, J=13.14, 7.03, 4.77 Hz, 1H), 2.81-3.06 (m,9H), 2.39-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.39 (m, 6H). LCMS: 413.3 [M]⁺.

Example C59

(S)—N-(3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide(Compound C-59)

To a stirring solution of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(74.4 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry MeOH (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (90 mg,0.65 mmol, 5 equiv) and heated to 70° C. After 3 h, the solution wasfiltered, washed with MeOH, and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel (0-15% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂with 1% NH₄OH) to afford a white solid (46 mg, 85% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.76 (br s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=0.98 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=1.47Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.56, 1.47 Hz,1H), 6.85-6.97 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.18 (dd, J=13.45, 3.42 Hz,1H), 2.86-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.85 (m, 5H), 1.86 (br s, 5H). LCMS: 417.1[M].

Example C60

(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-((7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide(Compound C-60)

To a stirring solution of tert-butyl(S)-3-((3,4-dichlorobenzamido)methyl)-7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate(1.106 g, 2.45 mmol, 1 equiv) in dry dioxane (5 mL) was added 4M HCl indioxanes (3 mL, 12.3 mmol, 5 equiv). After 4 h, the solution wasfiltered, washed with MeOH, and dried under vacuum. A small aliquot ofthe precipitate was purified by flash column chromatography over silicagel (0-25% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% NH₄OH) to afford 15 mg of a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.11 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (dd,J=8.44, 2.08 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H) 7.47-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.07(d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (dd, J=8.56, 2.45 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (d, J=2.45 Hz,1H), 4.24-4.34 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.83 (m, 3H), 3.34-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.07(m, 1H), 2.86-2.96 (m, 1H). LCMS: 351.1 [M].

Example C61

Synthesis of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-61)

The title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example C8,starting with (S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2-chlorophenol(Int-3H, 53.8 mg, 0.235 mmol), 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (44.9 mg, 0.235mmol) to afford 51.3 mg (55%) of title compound. LCMS (+ESI) M+H⁺=401.1,403.1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 9.82 (s, 1H) 8.35 (t, J=5.50 Hz,1H) 8.01 (d, J=1.71 Hz, 1H) 7.71-7.78 (m, 2H) 7.17 (d, J=1.96 Hz, 1H)6.97 (dd, J=8.31, 1.96 Hz, 1H) 6.85 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 3.39 (ddd,J=13.45, 7.83, 5.62 Hz, 1H) 3.12-3.20 (m, 1H) 2.84-2.97 (m, 1H)2.69-2.75 (m, 1H) 2.39 (dd, J=13.94, 7.83 Hz, 1H) 2.27 (s, 6H).

Examples C62-C₆₄ Synthesis of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide(Compound C-62)

Step 1: Preparation of(S)-2-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(Int-6H)

To a stirred mixture of Int-6E (0.3 g, 0.59 mmole), in MeCN/H2O (4:1, 10mL) was added cyclopropanecarbaldehyde (0.045 g, 0.65 mmole). Thestirring was continued for 30 minutes, NaCNBH3 (0.055 g, 0.88 mmole) wasadded and stirred for 30 minutes. 37% formaldehyde (0.14 g, 1.76 mmole)and continued to stir for 15 minutes, NaCNBH₃ (0.055 g, 0.88 mmole) wasfinally added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h, saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl was added, extracted with DCM (3×). The combined extractswere dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-10%MeOH/DCM) to give (S)-2-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(0.26 g, 80.2%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 543.2.

Step 2: Preparation of(S)—N2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-N2-methyl-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propane-1,2-diamine(Int-6I)

To a stirred mixture of Int-6H (0.25 g, 0.46 mmole) in EtOH (5 mL) wasadded hydrazine (0.074 g, 2.31 mmole). The reaction mixture was heatedto 90° C. for 2 h, cooled to RT, and the solid was filtered off, washedwith EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by ISCO (0-15%MeOH/DCM in 1% NH₄OH) to give Int-6I (0.16 g, 83.7%). LC-MS (+ESI) M+H:413.2.

Step 3: Preparation of (S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide (Int-6J)

A mixture of Int-6I (0.16 g, 0.38 mmole), 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (0.09g, 0.38 mmole), HOBT (0.03 g, 0.2 mmole), EDC (0.08 g, 0.46 mmole), andDIEA (0.13 g, 0.96 mmole) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred for 16 h. H₂O wasadded and the solid was collected, washed with H₂O, dried and purifiedby ISCO (50% EtOAc/DCM) to give Int-6J (0.18 g, 81.1%). LC-MS (+ESI)M+H: 585.2.

Step 4: Synthesis of(S)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)benzamide (Compound C-62)

A mixture of Int-6J (0.18 g, 0.31 mmole) and K₂CO₃ (0.22 g, 1.56 mmole)in MeOH (5 mL) was heated to 70° C. in 2 h. The mixture was cooled toRT, H₂O was added, adjusted pH=6-7 with 5N HCl, extracted with DCM (3×).The extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, and purified by ISCO(0-15% MeOH/DCM in 1% NH₄OH) to give Compound C-65 (0.054 g, 39.7%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 12.92 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J=5.14 Hz, 1H),7.95 (dt, J=5.01, 1.04 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=1.22 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (s, 1H),7.43 (d, J=8.56 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.56, 1.47 Hz, 1H), 3.37-3.46 (m,1H), 3.12-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.90 (dd, J=13.94, 4.89 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (dd,J=13.57, 7.46 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (t, J=6.60 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 0.68-0.79(m, 1H), 0.38 (dd, J=7.70, 5.75 Hz, 2H), 0.04 (br d, J=1.96 Hz, 2H).LC-MS (+ESI) M+H: 431.2.

The Compounds of Table 13 were prepared in the same method as describedin Example C62 by using appropriate reagents.

TABLE 13 Comp. No. Yield/Analytical Data C-63 (0.034 g, 71%); ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 12.95 (s, 1 H), 8.44 (t, J = 5.26 Hz, 1H),7.92-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.31 Hz,1H,) 7.25 (d, J = 8.56 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.32 (m, 2H),3.19 (dt, J = 14.73, 5.35 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.73 (dd, J =13.82, 7.46 Hz, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H). LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 459.1. C-64 (60mg, 48%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 10.78 (br s, 1 H) 8.02(s, 1 H) 7.85 (br s, 1 H) 7.44-7.60 (m, 3 H) 7.29-7.43 (m, 1 H) 7.11-7.28 (m, 2 H) 3.62 (br s, 1 H) 3.16 (br d, J = 13.45 Hz, 3 H) 2.81 (brs, 2 H) 2.58 (br s, 3H) 1.17 (br s, 6 H) LC-MS (+ESI) M + H: 420.

Example C65 Synthesis of(S)-4-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2H-indazol-5-yl)propyl)-3-fluorobenzamide(Compound C-65)

The title compound was prepared in the same method as described inprevious examples. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 10.5 (br s, 1H)7.99 (d, J=0.98 Hz, 1H) 7.54 (s, 1H) 7.49 (dd, J=10.03, 1.22 Hz, 1H)7.37-7.42 (m, 3H) 7.17 (dd, J=8.56, 1.71 Hz, 1H) 6.98 (br d, J=5.62 Hz,1H) 3.59 (ddd, J=13.69, 6.73, 4.77 Hz, 1H) 3.12-3.20 (m, 2H) 2.90-2.98(m, 1H) 2.38-2.54 (m, 7H)

Example C66 Synthesis of(S)—N-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxamide(Compound C-66)

The title compound was prepared in the same method as described inprevious examples. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 7.70 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H) 7.46-7.50 (m, 1H) 7.35-7.45 (m, 7H), 6.89 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) 6.79(d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H) 6.20 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H) 3.38-3.44 (m, 1H) 2.70-2.76 (m,1H) 2.03-2.14 (m, 2H) 1.97 (s, 6H)

Example C67 Synthesis of(S)—N-(3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzamide(Compound C-67)

(S)—N-(3-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzamidewas synthesized according to the general procedure using(S)-4-(3-amino-2-(dimethylamino)propyl)benzamide and 2,4-dimethylbenzoicacid as the starting materials. LC-MS: 354.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.91 (br s, 1H), 7.87 (brt, 1H, J=4.8 Hz), 7.79 (d, 2H, J=7.8Hz), 7.30 (d, 3H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.14 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.06-6.97 (m, 2H),3.13 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.85 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 6.4 Hz), 2.58 (dd, 1H,J=13.6, 7.2 Hz), 2.28 (s, 12H).

Example C68 Synthesis of(S)-4-(2-(dimethylamino)-3-(2-methoxybenzamido)propyl)-N,3,5-trimethylbenzamide(Compound C-68)

The title compound was prepared in the same method as described inprevious examples. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ ppm 8.33 (br t, J=4.52Hz, 1H), 8.17 (q, J=4.48 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=7.83, 1.71 Hz, 1H),7.35-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.06 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (td, J=7.46, 0.98 Hz,1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.67 (d, J=4.40Hz, 3H), 2.54-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.28 (s, 6H). LC-MS (+ESI)M+H: 398.2.

Example D1 In Vitro Activity MOR Agonist and Antagonist Assays

MOR cAMP Agonist Assay

The ability of test compounds to activate the mu opioid receptor (MOR)assay was evaluated at Multispan Inc. (26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward,Calif. 94545) in stably transfected cell CHO cell expressing the mORreceptor (CHO-K1 Multispan Inc., Cat #C1350-1a) by measuring cAMP levelsin cells treated with the test compounds using a commercial kit (cAMPHi-Range Kit; Cisbio, Cat #62AM6PEC). The activity of test compounds isrecorded in Table 14, below, as their EC₅₀, the concentration the testcompound, which induces a response halfway between the baseline and itsmaximal response. With respect to MOR activity, “+++” denotes an EC₅₀less than 100 nM; “++” denotes an EC₅₀ from 100 nM to 1,000 nM; and “+”denotes an EC₅₀ greater than 1,000 nM.

MOR cAMP Antagonist Assay

The ability of test compounds to antagonize or inhibit the mu opioidreceptor (MOR) assay was evaluated at Multispan Inc. (26219 Eden LandingRoad, Hayward, Calif. 94545) in stably transfected cell CHO cellexpressing the mOR receptor (CHO-K1 Multispan Inc., Cat #C1350-1a) bymeasuring cAMP levels in cells treated with the test compounds using acommercial kit (cAMP Hi-Range Kit; Cisbio, Cat #62AM6PEC) afteractivation of the receptor with the mOR agonist DAMGO at the EC₈₀. Theactivity of test compounds is recorded in Table 14, below, as theirIC₅₀, the concentration the test compound, which induces a responsehalfway between the baseline and its maximal response. With respect toMOR activity, “+++” denotes an IC₅₀ less than 100 nM; “++” denotes anIC₅₀ from 100 nM to 1,000 nM; and “+” denotes an IC₅₀ greater than 1,000nM.

MOR GTPγS Agonist Assay

The ability of test compounds to activate the mu opioid receptor (MOR)assay was evaluated at Multispan Inc. (26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward,Calif. 94545) in stably transfected cell CHO cell expressing the MORreceptor (CHO-K1 Multispan Inc., Cat #C1350-1a). Membranes obtained fromthe stable cell lines over-expressing MOR were subjected to GTPγS assayusing SPA beads (Perkin Elmer, Cat #RPNQ0001). The activity of testcompounds is recorded in Table 14, below, as their EC₅₀, theconcentration the test compound, which induces a response halfwaybetween the baseline and its maximal response. With respect to MORactivity, “+++” denotes an EC₅₀ less than 100 nM; “++” denotes an EC₅₀from 100 nM to 1,000 nM; and “+” denotes an EC₅₀ greater than 1,000 nM.

KOR cAMP Antagonist Assay

The ability of compounds to inhibit the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) wasevaluated at Multispan Inc. (26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward, Calif.94545) in stably transfected cell CHO cell expressing the kOR receptor(CHO-K1 Multispan Inc., Cat #C1352-1a) by measuring cAMVP levels afteractivation of the kOR receptor with dynorphin B in cells treated withthe compound. cAMP levels were measured with a commercial kit (cAMPHi-Range Kit; Cisbio, Cat #62AM6PEC). The activity of test compounds isrecorded in Table 14, below, as the IC₅₀, the concentration at whichtest compounds inhibit 5000 of the activation induced by dynorphin B.With respect to KOR activity, “+++” denotes an IC₅₀ less than 100 nM;“++” denotes an IC₅₀ from 100 nM to 1,000 nM; and “+” denotes an IC₅₀greater than 1,000 nM.

TABLE 14 Activity of Representative Compounds Compound mOR cAMP MORGTPγS MOR cAMP kOR cAMP No. EC₅₀ EC₅₀ IC₅₀ IC₅₀ A-1 + −−− −−− ++ A-2 +−−− −−− + A-3 +++ −−− −−− + A-4 +++ −−− −−− +++ A-5 ++ −−− −−− +++ A-6++ −−− −−− ++ A-7 + −−− −−− ++ A-8 + −−− −−− + A-9 + −−− −−− + A-10 +−−− −−− ++ A-11 + −−− −−− ++ A-22 −−− +++ +++ −−− A-23 −−− +++ +++ −−−B-1 +++ −−− −−− +++ B-2 +++ −−− −−− + B-3 +++ −−− −−− + B-4 +++ −−− −−−++ B-5 +++ −−− −−− +++ B-6 +++ −−− −−− ++ B-7 +++ −−− −−− +++ B-8 +++−−− −−− ++ B-9 ++ −−− −−− + B-10 ++ −−− −−− ++ B-11 ++ −−− −−− + B-12 +−−− −−− +++ B-13 +++ −−− −−− +++ B-14 +++ −−− −−− + B-15 + −−− −−− +B-16 + −−− −−− + B-17 +++ −−− −−− ++ B-18 −−− −−− −−− ++ B-19 +++ −−−−−− + B-20 +++ −−− −−− + B-21 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-22 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-23+++ −−− −−− −−− B-24 −−− −−− −−− ++ B-25 ++ −−− −−− −−− B-26 +++ −−− −−−−−− B-27 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-28 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-29 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-30−−− −−− +++ +++ B-31 +++ −−− +++ +++ B-32 ++ −−− −−− −−− B-33 −−− −−−−−− −−− B-34 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-35 −−− −−− −−− −−− B-36 −−− −−− +++ +++B-37 −−− −−− −−− −−− B-38 −−− −−− −−− −−− B-39 +++ −−− −−− + B-40 +++−−− −−− + B-41 +++ −−− ++ ++ B-42 +++ −−− +++ ++ B-43 + −−− −−− + B-44−−− −−− −−− + B-45 −−− −−− −−− −−− B-46 +++ −−− −−− + B-47 +++ −−− +++−−− B-48 + −−− +++ +++ B-49 +++ −−− −−− + B-50 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-51 +++−−− −−− −−− B-52 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-53 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-54 +++ −−− −−−++ B-55 −−− −−− +++ +++ B-56 +++ −−− −−− +++ B-57 −−− −−− −−− −−− B-58++ −−− −−− + B-59 +++ −−− −−− −−− B-60 +++ −−− −−− +++ B-61 +++ −−−−−− + B-62 +++ −−− −−− ++ C-1 −−− −−− +++ −−− C-2 −−− −−− +++ −−− C-3−−− + −−− −−− C-4 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-5 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-6 −−− +++ −−−−−− C-7 −−− −−− +++ −−− C-8 −−− −−− +++ −−− C-9 −−− C-10 −−− ++ −−− −−−C-11 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-12 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-13 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-14 −−−+++ −−− −−− C-15 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-16 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-17 −−− +++ −−−−−− C-18 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-19 −−− ++ −−− −−− C-20 −−− + −−− −−− C-21−−− + −−− −−− C-22 −−− +++ + ++ C-23 −−− ++ −−− −−− C-24 −−− +++ +++ +++C-25 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-26 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-27 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-28 −−−+++ +++ −−− C-29 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-30 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-31 −−− +++ +++−−− C-32 −−− +++ ++ −−− C-33 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-34 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-35−−− +++ +++ −−− C-36 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-35 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-38 −−− +++−−− −−− C-39 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-40 −−− +++ +++ + C-41 −−− +++ −−− −−−C-42 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-43 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-44 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-45 −−−+++ −−− + C-46 −−− + −−− −−− C-47 −−− + −−− −−− C-48 −−− ++ −−− −−− C-49−−− ++ −−− −−− C-50 −−− ++ −−− −−− C-51 −−− ++ −−− −−− C-52 −−− + −−−−−− C-53 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-54 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-55 −−− + −−− −−− C-56−−− −−− +++ −−− C-57 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-58 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-59 −−− +++++ −−− C-60 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-61 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-62 −−− ++ −−− −−−C-63 −−− + −−− −−− C-64 −−− +++ +++ −−− C-65 −−− +++ −−− −−− C-66−−− + + ++ C-67 −−− +++ −−− + C-68 −−− +++ −−− −−−

Example D2 In Vivo Activity Hot Plate Assay

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 275-300 grams were used in the study,n=8-10 per group. Animals are injected SC with 0.9% normal salinesolution. At 15, 45, and 80 min after the injection, animals were placedonto a hotplate set to 52 degrees centigrade, and baseline latency isrecorded (baseline latency=average time to 2^(nd) withdrawal responseconsisting of either a lick of a rear paw, shaking a rear paw, backwardswalking or jumping). A day later animals were injected SC with testcompounds either in vehicle solution, or with a mix of compounds insolution. Next the test latency was recorded (test latency=time towithdrawal on the hotplate measured at 15, 45, 80, 120, 180 and 240 minusing the procedure described). Times were then converted to % maximumpossible effect (% MPE)=(test_latecy−baseline_latency)/(30sec-baseline_latency); where 30 sec is the cutoff where the animal isremoved if no response ifs observed as it is the time point at whichinjury is expected to occur.

FIG. 1 shows that MOR agonist Compound B-56 is analgesic in the hotplatetest as it increased the time to exhibit a withdrawal response in thehotplate test. This is indicative of central activation of MORs asperipheral MOR agonists have been shown to have limited efficacy in thistest (Emerich, D. F., et al., Brain Research, 1998, 801(1-2):259-266).Further, MOR antagonists Compound B-15 blocks in vivo the analgesicactivity of the agonist Compound B-56, when co-dosed, but has no effecton its own (see FIG. 1).

Respiratory Depression Assay

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 275-300 grams were used in thisstrudy, n=4-6 per group. The animals were placed into a whole bodyunrestrained plethysmograph, and baseline breathing was recorded for 15minutes. Next, animals were injected SC with fentanyl (3 mg/kg SC), andbreathing was monitored for 10-12 min. Next animals were injected withtest compound, either naloxone (0.1 mg/kg SC) or Compound B-15 (30 mg/kgSC), and breathing was recorded for up to 4 hrs. Post-hoc anexperimenter blinded to the treatment conditions analyzed the trace aspreviously described (Laferriere, A., et al., Developmental BrainResearch, 2005, 156(2):210-217) and minute volume (MV=tidalvolume×breaths per minute) was calculated for each animal. Data ispresented in FIG. 2 as a % of the average of the baseline period (postdrug MV/average baseline MV).

The various embodiments described above can be combined to providefurther embodiments. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent applicationpublications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patentapplications and non-patent publications referred to in thisspecification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet areincorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of theembodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of thevarious patents, applications and publications to provide yet furtherembodiments.

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/652,819, filed Apr. 4, 2018, and U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/792,754, filed Jan. 15, 2019, which applications arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

1. A compound having the structure of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;ring B is carbocycle or heterocycle; L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—, —NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is aC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5R⁷; each R^(a) is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently,H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ andR⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N towhich they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, andR⁷ are each, independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is0-5; and t is 0-2; with the provisos that: when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷₂)_(r)—, m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy whenring B is an aromatic monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle, or at leastone R⁵ is not halo or alkoxy when ring B is an aromatic monocycliccarbocycle or heterocyle and m is 2-5, or R³ and R⁴ are not both H andring A is not thiophene when ring B is an aromatic polycyclic carbocycleor heterocyle; when L is ring C, m is not 0 when ring B is phenyl orpyrrolyl and R³ is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7 membered heterocycletogether with one R⁵, or R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together withthe N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, oneR⁶ is halo, and m is 1; and when L is a bond, m is not 0 when ring B isphenyl or pyrrolyl and R³ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or m′ is not 0 when R³and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a5-7 membered heterocycle, R⁵ is not halo or alkoxy when ring B isphenyl, R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which they areconnected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or R⁵ is not—OH when ring B is a 7-membered carbocycle, R³ and one R⁵, together withthe atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle,and m′ is 1, or m is not 0 when ring B is a monocyclic carbocycle orheterocyle and R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴, togetherwith the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle,or R⁵ is not halo when ring B is phenyl and R³ and R⁴ are each H or R³and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7membered heterocycle, or n is not 0 when ring A is imidazolyl and ring Bis phenyl.
 2. The compound of claim 1 having the structure of formula(II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,independently, C or N; wherein 0, 1, or 2 of Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ isN; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is 0-5; and t is 0-2; with theprovisos that: when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, m is not 0 and atleast one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy, or at least one R⁵ is not halowhen m is 2-5; or when L is ring C, m is not 0 when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, andQ⁵ are each, independently, C and R³ is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7membered heterocycle together with one R⁵, or R⁵ is not halo when R³ andR⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 memberedheterocycle, one R⁶ is halo, and m is 1; and when L is a bond, m is not0 when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, C and and R³ is Hor (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with theatoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, R⁵is not halo or alkoxy when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,independently, C and, R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to whichthey are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or mis not 0 when R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴, togetherwith the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle,or R⁵ is not halo when Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, Cand R³ and R⁴ are each H or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which theyare connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, or n is not 0 when ringA is imidazolyl and Q¹, Q², Q³, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each, independently, C.3. The compound of claim 1 or 2 having the structure of Formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is0-5; and t is 0-2; with the provisos that: when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷₂)_(r)—, m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy, orat least one R⁵ is not halo when m is 2-5; or when L is ring C, m is not0 when R³ is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, or forms a 5-7 membered heterocycletogether with one R⁵, or R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴, together withthe N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, oneR⁶ is halo, and m is 1; and when L is a bond, m is not 0 when R³ is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atomsto which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, R⁵ is nothalo or alkoxy when R³ and one R⁵, together with the atoms to which theyare connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, and m′ is 1, or m is not0 when R³ and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴, togetherwith the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle,or R⁵ is not halo when R³ and R⁴ are each H or R³ and R⁴, together withthe N to which they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, or nis not 0 when ring A is imidazolyl.
 4. The compound of any one of claims1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is —C(O)NR¹R²and having the structure of Formula (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m′ is 0-4; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; ris 0-5; and t is 0-2.
 5. The compound of claim any one of claims 1-4having the structure of Formula (V):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m′ is 0-4; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; ris 0-5; and t is 0-2.
 6. The compound of claim any one of claims 1-4having the structure of Formula (VI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m′ is 0-4; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; ris 0-5; and t is 0-2.
 7. The compound of claim 2, wherein Q¹, Q², Q³,and Q⁴ are each C, and Q⁵ is N and having the structure of Formula(VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is0-5; and t is 0-2; with the provisos that: when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷₂)_(r)—, m is not 0 and at least one R⁵ is not —OH, halo, or alkoxy, orat least one R⁵ is not halo when m is 2-5; and when L is ring C, R⁵ isnot halo when R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle, one R⁶ is halo, and m is 1;and when L is a bond, m′ is not 0 when R³ and one R⁵, together with theatoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle, or mis not 0 when ring B is a monocyclic carbocycle or heterocyle and R³ andR⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl,carbocycle, or carbocyclealkyl or R³ and R⁴, together with the N towhich they are connected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle.
 8. Thecompound of claim 7 having the structure of Formula (VIII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; m′ is 0-4; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; ris 0-5; and t is 0-2.
 9. The compound of claim 1 having the structure ofFormula (IX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; Q¹, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,independently, C or N; Q² and Q³ are each C; ring D is a 5-6 memberedcarbocycle or heterocycle which forms, together with Q² and Q³, a fusedbicyclic ring B; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is 0-5; and t is 0-2;with the proviso that: when L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, R³ and R⁴are not both H, and ring A is not thiophene.
 10. The compound of claim 1having the structure of Formula (X):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; Q¹, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,independently, C or N; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is 0-5; and t is0-2.
 11. The compound of claim 1 having the structure of Formula (XI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein: ring A is carbocycle or heterocycle;L is a bond, —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r)—, or ring C; Q is —C(R^(a))₂—,—NR^(a)—, or —O—; ring C is a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or 3-7 memberedheterocycloalkyl, substituted with 0-5 R⁷; each R^(a) is H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R¹ and R² are each, independently, H, or (C₁-C₆)alkyl orC₃-C₇ cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 halo; R³ and R⁴ are each,independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl; or R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which they areconnected, form a 4-7 membered heterocycle; R⁵, R⁶, and R⁷ are each,independently, —C(O)NR¹R², —NR¹C(O)R², —OC(O)R¹, —C(O)OR¹,—S(O)_(t)NR¹R², —NR¹S(O)_(t)R², —OH, —CN, halo, oxo, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, or carbocycle; or R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle; R⁸ is H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; Q¹, Q⁴, and Q⁵ are each,independently, C or N; m is 0-5; n is 0-5; q is 0-5; r is 0-5; and t is0-2.
 12. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof,wherein ring A is an aromatic carbocycle.
 13. The compound of claim 12,or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring A is phenyl.
 14. The compound ofany one of claims 1-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein ring A isan aromatic heterocycle.
 15. The compound of claim 14, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein ring A is pyrrolyl, furanyl, pyrazolyl,imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl,indolyl, azaindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, azabenzimidazolyl,benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl,isoxazolopyridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl,guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydro indolyl,benzoxazolone, or pyrazolopyridine.
 16. The compound of claim 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein ring B is pyrrolyl, furanyl, pyrazolyl,imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,isothiazolyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl,azaindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, azabenzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl,benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolopyridinyl,thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl,quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydro indolyl, benzoxazolone, orpyrazolopyridine.
 17. The compound of any one of claims 1-16, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein L is —(CR⁷ ₂)_(q)-Q-(CR⁷ ₂)_(r).
 18. Thecompound of claim 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein q is
 0. 19. Thecompound of any one of claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein Qis —O—.
 20. The compound of any one of claims 1-18, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein Q is —C(R^(a))₂—.
 21. The compound of any oneof claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein Q is —NR^(a)—. 22.The compound of any one of claims 1-16, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein Lis ring C.
 23. The compound of claim 22, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof,wherein ring C is cyclopropyl.
 24. The compound of claim 22, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein ring C is pyrrolidinyl.
 25. The compound of anyone of claims 1-16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein L is a bond.
 26. Thecompound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³and R⁴ are each, independently, H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, carbocycle, orcarbocyclealkyl.
 27. The compound of any one of claims 1-26, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴ are each methyl or ethyl.
 28. Thecompound of any one of 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴are each H.
 29. The compound of any one of claims 1-26, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein R³ is methyl and R⁴ is cyclopropylmethyl. 30.The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³and R⁴, together with the N to which they are connected, form a 4-7membered heterocycle.
 31. The compound of claim 30, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein R³ and R⁴, together with the N to which theyare connected, form pyrrolidinyl or mopholinyl.
 32. The compound of anyone of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R³ and one R⁵,together with the atoms to which they are connected, form a 5-7 memberedheterocycle.
 33. The compound of any one of claims 1-32, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is —OH.
 34. The compound of anyone of claims 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is—C(O)NR¹R².
 35. The compound of any one of claims 1-32, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is halo.
 36. The compound ofclaim 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is Cl or F.37. The compound of any one of claims 1-32, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof,wherein at least one R⁵ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 38. The compound of claim 37,or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁵ is methyl.
 39. Thecompound of any one of claims 1-32, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein atleast one R⁵ is —OC(O)R¹.
 40. The compound of any one of claims 1-39, ora pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is carbocycle.
 41. Thecompound of claim 40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ iscycloalkyl.
 42. The compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof,wherein at least one R⁶ is cyclopropyl.
 43. The compound of claim 1-39,or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is an aromaticcarbocycle.
 44. The compound of claim 43, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof,wherein at least one R⁶ is phenyl.
 45. The compound of any one of claims1-39, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is halo. 46.The compound of claim 39, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at leastone R⁶ is Cl, F or Br.
 47. The compound of any one of claims 1-39, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 48. Thecompound of claim 47, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein the at least one R⁶is methyl.
 49. The compound of any one of claims 1-39, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁶ is (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.
 50. Thecompound of claim 49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein the at least one R⁶is methoxy.
 51. The compound of any one of claims 1-16 and 22-24, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 52. Thecompound of claim 51, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ ismethyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or t-butyl.
 53. The compound of any one ofclaims 1-16 and 22-24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer,racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at leastone R⁷ is carbocycle.
 54. The compound of claim 53, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ is cycloalkyl.
 55. The compoundof claim 54, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein at least one R⁷ iscyclopropyl.
 56. The compound of any one of claims 1-55, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof, wherein R⁸ is H.
 57. The compound of any one of claims1-55, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein R⁸ is methyl.
 58. Thecompound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate,hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, having the structure of anyone of the compounds listed in Table 1, Table 2, or Table
 3. 59. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier, diluent, or excipient.
 60. A method of modulating an opioidreceptor comprising contacting the opioid receptor with an effectiveamount of a compound of any one of claims 1-58, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.61. The method of claim 60, wherein the compound is mu opioid receptoragonist.
 62. The method of claim 60 or 61, wherein the compound is akappa opioid receptor antagonist.
 63. The method of any one of claims60-62, wherein the method does not modulate arrestin function.
 64. Amethod of treating pain, comprising administering to a subject in needthereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-58, ora pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof.
 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the methoddoes not increase the risk of respiratory depression or constipation inthe subject.
 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the pain is acute pain.67. The method of claim 64, wherein the pain is chronic pain.
 68. Themethod of claim 64, wherein the pain is fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain,chronic low back pain, surgical pain, cancer pain, or severe pain.
 69. Amethod of treating opioid overdose, comprising administering to asubject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one ofclaims 1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.
 70. A method of treating addiction,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effectiveamount of a compound of any one of claims 1-58, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.71. The method of claim 70, wherein the addiction is opioid usedisorder.
 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the method comprisesmaintenance of the opioid use disorder in a subject in need thereof. 73.A method of treating a neuropsychiatric disorder, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound of any one of claims 1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.
 74. Themethod of claim 73, wherein the neuropsychiatric disorder ischaracterized by compulsive behavior.
 75. The method of claim 73,wherein the neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by compulsivebehavior is obsessive compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, or skinpicking.
 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the compulsive behavior isassociated with a neurodegenerative disorder.
 77. The method of claim76, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is Huntington's disease orParkinson's disease.
 78. The method of claim 73, wherein theneuropsychiatric disorder is characterized by impulsive behavior. 79.The method of claim 78, wherein the neuropsychiatric disordercharacterized by impulsive behavior is addiction, pathological gambling,alcohol use disorder, nicotine addiction, sex addiction, Tourettesyndrome, or kleptomania.
 80. The method of claim 78, wherein theimpulsive behaviour is associated with a neurodegenerative disorder. 81.The method of claim 80, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder isfrontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer's disorder.
 82. The method of claim73, wherein the neuropsychiatric disorder is characterized by depressivemood.
 83. The method of claim 82, wherein the neuropsychiatric disordercharacterized by depressive mood is major depressive disorder, anxietydisorder, panic disorder, dysphoria, or anhedonia.
 84. The method ofclaim 73, wherein the neuropsychiatric disorder is an eating disorder.85. The method of claim 84, wherein the eating disorder is anorexianervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or obesity.
 86. Amethod of treating a sleep disorder, comprising administering to asubject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one ofclaims 1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.
 87. The method of claim 86, whereinthe sleep disorder is sleep disruption.
 88. The method of claim 87,wherein the sleep disruption is associated with a neurodegenerativedisorder.
 89. The method of claim 88, wherein the neurodegenerativedisorder is supranuclear palsy.
 90. A method of treating agastrointestinal disorder, comprising administering to a subject in needthereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-58, ora pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate,isotope, or salt thereof.
 91. The method of claim 90, wherein thegastrointestinal disorder is constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowelsyndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or Crohn's disease.
 92. A methodof treating a skin disorder, comprising administering to a subject inneed thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.
 93. The method of claim 92, whereinthe skin disorder is itching or urticaria.
 94. A method of treatingdyspnea, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-58, or apharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope,or salt thereof.
 95. The method of claim 73, wherein theneuropsychiatric disorder is Schizophrenia, psychosis, or bipolardisorder.
 96. A method of treating autism spectrum disorder, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound of any one of claims 1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.
 97. Amethod of treating Prader-Willi Syndrome, comprising administering to asubject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one ofclaims 1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate,solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.
 98. A method of treating headache,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effectiveamount of a compound of any one of claims 1-58, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.99. The method of claim 98, wherein the headache is migraine.
 100. Amethod of treating temporomandibular joint dysfunction, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound of any one of claims 1-58, or a pharmaceutically acceptableisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof.